47 · 大逃亡
The Great Escape
区分观点、依据、例子与限制，用自己的话准确重建论述。
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Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides— and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon—an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maître d'hôtel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior "they" in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement are there, outside—or, as likely, part of—the tent.
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting "our camping friends" to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
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整篇课文
Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides— and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon—an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maître d'hôtel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior "they" in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement are there, outside—or, as likely, part of—the tent.
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting "our camping friends" to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.
省钱是促使人们露营的一个重要原因，因为最初购置或租用装备之后，总花费可能比住旅馆低得多。不过，与普遍的看法相反，省钱远不是唯一的原因，甚至未必是最主要的原因。在欧洲众多固定营地中的某一处，一个人若漫不经心地把车开进自己花二十英镑租来的位置，可能就会撞上一辆宾利。更常见的情形是，福特雅士与雷诺或奔驰车轮挨着车轮停在一起，旁边却很少见到双人自行车。
现代露营装备一年比一年精良：在爱挖苦的人看来，这是一种有趣的矛盾；在满怀期待、发誓要摆脱一切烦扰的旅行者看来，却是更美好的希望。露营还提供了另一种逃避——也许有社会学学生愿意以这个现象为题写篇论文。现代旅行者往往不喜欢“斯普兰迪德”“贝拉维斯塔”这类豪华酒店，并非住不起，也不是不愿享受其中的物质舒适，而是对它们感到畏惧。他或许很富裕，却完全拿不准该给门童或客房女服务员多少小费。在自己家里，他说了算；面对酒店领班，却连什么时候可以开口表示不满都不清楚。
露营使他摆脱了这一切顾虑。诚然，露营圈里也已有凭装备和技术分高下的势利风气，但即使遇上，他也容易理解和应付。这里没有以管理人员和酒店等级制度为代表、居高临下的“他们”，来给他的假期蒙上阴影。
除了这些动机，还得再加上一条。 如今人们对汽车的崇拜，很大程度上可以用拥有汽车所带来的独立感和自由感来解释。露营又让这种乐趣变得更加美妙。
从自家门口出发，到国内或国外的山地、海滩，再一路回家，一切所需都在手边。你不仅完全掌握着前往度假天堂的交通工具；万一海滩过于拥挤、当地天气过于恶劣，想逃离这个度假地狱时，交通工具也就在帐篷外——或者，更可能的是，它本来就是帐篷的一部分。
理想主义者反对露营，也反对包办式旅游，理由是出国旅行的人这样一来，便失去了了解当地人的机会。他们认为，眼界狭隘和自给自足总是相伴而生。不过，只要体验过欧洲大陆一处热门营地，这种看法就站不住脚了。度假酒店往往主要接待某一个国家的游客，有时甚至只接待这个国家的人。营地却相反，游客来自世界各地。诚然，德国游客占多数，似乎是大部分地中海营地的共同特点，但还没有哪一处被某一国游客压倒性地包下来。禁止露天晾衣、禁止在取水点洗车的告示，以及邀请“露营朋友”参加舞会或乘船游览的通知，不仅印有法语、意大利语或西班牙语，也印有英语、德语和荷兰语。开饭时，酸菜与大蒜的气味争相飘来；法国人的早餐咖啡，也与英国人的培根煎蛋各不相让。
有组织的露营活动迅速发展，会不会最终使更独立的露营方式消失，还很难说。市政当局当然想收取露营场地费，也希望露营者带来其他生意。对于那些既不住在认可营地、又没有固定住所可查的流动者，警察总会保持戒心。不过，事情最可能还是取决于露营者自己：他们引起多少场荒野火灾，留下多少垃圾；总之，是否让土地所有者和乡村居民彻底厌恶。只有保持良好的野外活动素养，才有可能保住那份自由——它是每一个童心未泯的野营爱好者所珍爱的。
学完这一课
把同一现象对两类人的不同意义并列。
译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第219—227页，2022年2月第2版。