46 · 业余爱好
Hobbies
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A gifted American psychologist has said, "Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go." It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: "I will take an interest in this or that." Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
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整篇课文
A gifted American psychologist has said, "Worry is a spasm of the emotion; the mind catches hold of something and will not let it go." It is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. The stronger the will, the more futile the task. One can only gently insinuate something else into its convulsive grasp. And if this something else is rightly chosen, if it really attended by the illumination of another field of interest, gradually, and often quite swiftly, the old undue grip relaxes and the process of recuperation and repair begins.
The cultivation of a hobby and new forms of interest is therefore a policy of the first importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must be carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.
To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: "I will take an interest in this or that." Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual labourer, tired out with a hard week's sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on almost every object of desire—for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune's favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
一位很有才华的美国心理学家说过：“忧虑是情绪的一阵痉挛；头脑抓住某件事，就不肯松手。”处在这种状态时，与自己的头脑讲道理是没用的。意志越强，这样做越是徒劳。你只能轻轻地把另一件事引入其中，替换掉它紧抓不放的东西。如果选得合适，另一个兴趣领域又确实给人带来启发，原先那种过分的纠缠就会逐渐松开，而且往往很快；恢复和修整的过程，也随之开始。
因此，对公众人物来说，培养一种爱好和新的兴趣，是头等重要的事。不过，这既非一日之功，也不能只凭一声意志的号令就仓促办成。培养其他精神兴趣，是一个漫长的过程。要想在需要时随手摘到令人恢复活力的果实，就必须精心选种，把种子播在好土壤里，再勤加照料。
要真正幸福、安稳，一个人至少应有两三种爱好，而且都得是真心喜欢的。到了晚年才开始说“我要对这个、那个感兴趣”，是没有用的；这种尝试只会让精神更加吃力。一个人或许能积累大量与日常工作无关的知识，却几乎得不到益处或慰藉。只是去做喜欢的事还不够，你得真正喜欢自己正在做的事。大体说来，人可以分成三类：累得要死的、愁得要死的、闲得无聊透顶的。一个体力劳动者辛苦流汗干了一周，星期六下午再给他安排一场足球或棒球比赛，并不能起到休息的作用。同样，政治人物、专业人士或商人已经为大事操劳、担忧了六天，到周末再请他们为琐事忙碌、烦心，也无济于事。
至于那些想要什么就能得到什么、任何一时兴起的念头都能满足、几乎一切欲望都能实现的不幸者，新的乐趣、新的刺激，不过是让他们更加厌倦。他们发疯似的四处奔走，想单靠喧闹和活动逃脱无聊的报复，结果只是徒劳。对他们来说，某种形式的自我约束，才是最有希望的出路。
也可以说，理智、勤勉、对社会有用的人分为两类：一类工作归工作，娱乐归娱乐；另一类则工作与乐趣合为一体。前者占大多数，他们也有自己的补偿。在办公室或工厂里长时间工作，带来的回报不仅是谋生的收入，还有对乐趣的强烈渴望，即使那乐趣极为简单、朴素，也会让人满足。第二类人才是命运的宠儿，他们的生活自然和谐。对他们来说，工作时间总嫌不够，每一天都像假日；真正的假日来了，反而让他们不情愿，因为它强行打断了令人着迷的事业。不过，两类人都需要换一种眼光、换一个环境，把精力转向别处。事实上，越是以工作为乐的人，或许越需要时不时把工作从头脑里暂时放下。
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译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第212—218页，2022年2月第2版。