25 · “卡迪萨克”号帆船
The Cutty Sark
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One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she traveled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
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One of the most famous sailing ships of the nineteenth century, the Cutty Sark, can still be seen at Greenwich. She stands on dry land and is visited by thousands of people each year. She serves as an impressive reminder of the great ships of the past. Before they were replaced by steamships, sailing vessels like the Cutty Sark were used to carry tea from China and wool from Australia. The Cutty Sark was one of the fastest sailing ships that has ever been built. The only other ship to match her was the Thermopylae. Both these ships set out from Shanghai on June 18th, 1872 on an exciting race to England. This race, which went on for exactly four months, was the last of its kind. It marked the end of the great tradition of ships with sails and the beginning of a new era.
The first of the two ships to reach Java after the race had begun was the Thermopylae, but on the Indian Ocean, the Cutty Sark took the lead. It seemed certain that she would be the first ship home, but during the race she had a lot of bad luck. In August, she was struck by a very heavy storm during which her rudder was torn away. The Cutty Sark rolled from side to side and it became impossible to steer her. A temporary rudder was made on board from spare planks and it was fitted with great difficulty. This greatly reduced the speed of the ship, for there was a danger that if she traveled too quickly, this rudder would be torn away as well. Because of this, the Cutty Sark lost her lead. After crossing the Equator, the captain called in at a port to have a new rudder fitted, but by now the Thermopylae was over five hundred miles ahead. Though the new rudder was fitted at tremendous speed, it was impossible for the Cutty Sark to win. She arrived in England a week after the Thermopylae. Even this was remarkable, considering that she had had so many delays. There is no doubt that if she had not lost her rudder she would have won the race easily.
在格林尼治，至今仍能看到19世纪最著名的帆船之一——“卡迪萨克”号。它如今停放在陆地上，每年都有成千上万的人前来参观。这艘令人赞叹的船，让人想起往日巨帆远航的时代。在蒸汽船取代帆船之前，像它这样的船只，主要从中国运茶、从澳大利亚运羊毛。“卡迪萨克”号是有史以来最快的帆船之一，唯一能与它匹敌的，是“塞莫皮莱”号。1872年6月18日，两艘船同时从上海出发，展开了一场驶往英国的激烈竞赛。比赛整整持续了四个月，也是同类竞赛的最后一次，标志着帆船辉煌传统的终结和一个新时代的开始。
比赛开始后，“塞莫皮莱”号率先抵达爪哇，但进入印度洋后，“卡迪萨克”号取得了领先。眼看它就要最先返航到家，一路上却接连遭遇不幸。八月，一场猛烈的风暴扯掉了它的船舵。船身左右摇晃，完全无法控制方向。船员用备用木板在船上制成一个临时船舵，好不容易才装上去。可这大大拖慢了航速，因为一旦驶得过快，临时船舵也可能被扯掉。“卡迪萨克”号因此失去了领先优势。越过赤道后，船长停靠一座港口，更换新舵；但这时，“塞莫皮莱”号已经领先五百多英里。尽管换舵的速度极快，“卡迪萨克”号也不可能再赢了。它抵达英国时，比对手晚了一星期。考虑到途中遭遇的种种耽搁，这已经十分了不起。毫无疑问，如果没有丢失船舵，它本可以轻松赢得比赛。
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译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时、何景霖整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第85—87页，2022年2月第3版。