120｜挫折、恢复与心理韧性（2/3）
人物、职业与影响力 · 挫折、恢复与心理韧性 · 3 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. have a thick skin
一眼掌握
核心含义： 脸皮厚；抗压能力强；不容易被批评伤到；经得起负面评价
English definition： to not be easily upset or offended by criticism, insults, or negative comments
这个短语用来表示一个人面对批评、嘲笑、攻击、拒绝或压力时，不容易被伤害或击垮。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： Politicians must be able to take criticism.
- 升级表达： Politicians need a thick skin.
语境例句
To survive in public life, a person needs a thick skin, but not such a hard heart that criticism, pain, and ordinary human feeling can no longer reach him.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 have a thick skin，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示一个人面对批评、嘲笑、攻击、拒绝或压力时，不容易被伤害或击垮。
它的核心不是普通的 be strong，而是：
- 能承受批评
- 不轻易玻璃心
- 适合高曝光、高竞争、高压力环境
- 有时是优点，有时也可能暗示不够敏感
常见搭配：
- need a thick skin
- develop a thick skin
- have to have a thick skin
- grow a thick skin 进一步看，这个表达特别适合写高曝光职业中的心理素质。它可以是优点，表示经得起批评；但如果语境处理不好，也可能暗示一个人过于麻木、不够敏感。
它和 be resilient 的区别是：be resilient 更宽泛，have a thick skin 专门强调面对批评、拒绝或负面评价时不容易受伤。
语境复现
基础句：
- You need a thick skin in politics.
提升句：
- Anyone who works in customer service has to develop a thick skin.
应用句：
- To survive in public life, a person needs a thick skin, but not such a hard heart that criticism, pain, and ordinary human feeling can no longer reach him.
对应译文
- 从政需要脸皮厚。
- 做客服的人必须培养很强的抗压能力。
- 要在公共生活中生存，一个人需要有厚脸皮；但心不能硬到连批评、痛苦和普通人的感受都无法抵达。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- have a thick skin
- need a thick skin
- develop a thick skin
- grow a thick skin
例如：
- Actors need a thick skin.
- She developed a thick skin after years in journalism.
- If you want to be a leader, you need a thick skin.
易错提醒
thick skin 可以是正面，也可以略带负面，要看语境。
正确结构：
- √ have a thick skin
- √ need a thick skin
- √ develop a thick skin
- × have thick skins
近义表达与区别
- be resilient
- take criticism well
- not be easily offended
- be tough-minded
更多仿写练习
请用 have a thick skin 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 做公众人物需要能承受批评
- 多年销售经历让她变得抗压
- 如果想创业，就不能太怕被拒绝
查看参考答案
1. 做公众人物需要能承受批评
- Public figures need a thick skin.
- Anyone in public life has to have a thick skin.
2. 多年销售经历让她变得抗压
- Years in sales helped her develop a thick skin.
- She grew a thick skin after dealing with difficult customers for years.
3. 如果想创业，就不能太怕被拒绝
- If you want to start a business, you need a thick skin.
- Entrepreneurs need a thick skin because rejection is part of the process.
2. take the rough with the smooth
一眼掌握
核心含义： 好坏都接受；既能享受顺境，也能承受逆境；甘苦与共；接受生活中的起伏和不完美
English definition： to accept the bad things in life as well as the good ones
这个短语用来表示一个人能够接受生活、工作、关系或事业中的好与坏，不只享受顺利、成功、快乐的一面，也愿意承受麻烦、压力、失望和困难。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： In this career, you must accept both good and bad experiences.
- 升级表达： In this career, you must learn to take the rough with the smooth.
语境例句
A mature person understands that every meaningful choice comes with both gifts and costs, and learning to take the rough with the smooth is often what turns ambition into endurance.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 take the rough with the smooth，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示一个人能够接受生活、工作、关系或事业中的好与坏，不只享受顺利、成功、快乐的一面，也愿意承受麻烦、压力、失望和困难。
它的核心不是普通的 accept difficulties，而是：
- 明白好坏常常绑定在一起
- 不只要好处，也接受代价
- 面对不顺时不轻易抱怨或逃避
- 有成熟、耐受、现实感和责任感
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- someone learning to take the rough with the smooth
- a leader taking the rough with the smooth
- a couple taking the rough with the smooth
- an entrepreneur taking the rough with the smooth
- an athlete accepting victories and defeats
- a worker accepting both rewards and pressures of a job
比如：
- In this job, you have to take the rough with the smooth.
- Marriage teaches people to take the rough with the smooth.
- Successful founders learn to take the rough with the smooth, because setbacks are part of building anything worthwhile.
它比 accept difficulties 更有生活智慧感，也比 endure hardship 更平衡，因为它不是单讲吃苦，而是讲：既然要某件事的好，就也要承受它附带的难。
语境复现
基础句：
- You have to take the rough with the smooth.
提升句：
- As a young entrepreneur, he slowly learned to take the rough with the smooth.
应用句：
- A mature person understands that every meaningful choice comes with both gifts and costs, and learning to take the rough with the smooth is often what turns ambition into endurance.
对应译文
- 你必须学会好坏都接受。
- 作为一名年轻创业者，他慢慢学会了既接受成功带来的喜悦，也承受挫折带来的压力。
- 一个成熟的人明白，每个有意义的选择都同时带着馈赠和代价；而学会甘苦与共，往往正是野心转化为韧性的过程。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- take the rough with the smooth
- learn to take the rough with the smooth
- have to take the rough with the smooth
- be prepared to take the rough with the smooth
例如：
- In this business, you must take the rough with the smooth.
- She has learned to take the rough with the smooth.
- If you want a public career, you have to take the rough with the smooth.
- They stayed together because both were willing to take the rough with the smooth.
- A good leader accepts praise and criticism, taking the rough with the smooth.
常见搭配场景：
- business
- marriage
- career
- public life
- leadership
- sport
- friendship
- family life
- creative work
- entrepreneurship
说明：
- rough 指困难、不顺、糟糕的一面。
- smooth 指顺利、舒服、愉快的一面。
- 这是一个固定表达，不要随意改成：
- × take rough and smooth
- 常见结构是：
- take the rough with the smooth
- 这个表达常用于成熟、现实、长期坚持类语境。
易错提醒
take the rough with the smooth 强调“好坏都接受”，不是只表示“忍受痛苦”。
它常用于长期关系、职业选择、创业、公共生活等有得有失的情境。
正确结构是：
- √ take the rough with the smooth
- √ learn to take the rough with the smooth
- × take rough with smooth
这个表达偏英式英语，但外刊和正式写作中很自然。
在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：
- career
- marriage
- business
- leadership
- resilience
- maturity 连用。
近义表达与区别
- take the bad with the good
- accept life’s ups and downs
- roll with the punches
- weather the storms
- grin and bear it
细微区别：
- take the rough with the smooth 最有英式表达感，强调“好坏一并接受”。
- take the bad with the good 更直白，意思非常接近。
- accept life’s ups and downs 更普通，强调“接受人生起伏”。
- roll with the punches 更强调“遇到打击时灵活应对”。
- weather the storms 更强调“熬过困难时期”。
- grin and bear it 强调“咬牙忍受”，语气更偏无奈。
更多仿写练习
请用 take the rough with the smooth 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 在创业中，你必须接受成功和失败
- 一段长期关系需要双方都能承受好坏两面
- 作为公众人物，他必须学会同时面对赞美和批评
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- In entrepreneurship, …
- A long-term relationship requires …
- As a public figure, …
- If you choose this career, …
查看参考答案
- 在创业中，你必须接受成功和失败
- In entrepreneurship, you have to take the rough with the smooth.
- If you start a business, you must learn to take the rough with the smooth.
- 一段长期关系需要双方都能承受好坏两面
- A long-term relationship requires both people to take the rough with the smooth.
- Couples who stay together learn to take the rough with the smooth.
- 作为公众人物，他必须学会同时面对赞美和批评
- As a public figure, he has to take the rough with the smooth.
- If he wants public influence, he must take the rough with the smooth, including both praise and criticism.
3. rest / sit on your laurels
一眼掌握
核心含义： 满足于既有成就；躺在功劳簿上；吃老本；不思进取；因过去的成功而停止继续努力
English definition： to be satisfied with your achievements and do nothing to achieve more
这个短语来自古代用 laurel wreath（月桂冠） 象征胜利和荣誉。一个人如果 rests on his laurels，就像戴着过去赢来的月桂冠坐下来休息，不再继续奋斗。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The company became satisfied with its past success.
- 升级表达： The company began to rest on its laurels.
语境例句
After winning the championship, she did not sit on her laurels but returned to training the very next week.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 rest / sit on your laurels，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语来自古代用 laurel wreath（月桂冠） 象征胜利和荣誉。一个人如果 rests on his laurels，就像戴着过去赢来的月桂冠坐下来休息，不再继续奋斗。
它的核心不是普通的 be proud of success，而是：
- 曾经取得过成绩
- 因此产生满足感
- 不再继续努力
- 停止创新或进步
- 有“吃老本”的批评意味
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a champion resting on his laurels
- a successful company sitting on its laurels
- a famous writer resting on her laurels
- a student resting on past achievements
- a leader refusing to rest on his laurels
- an athlete who keeps training instead of resting on his laurels
比如：
- He won the prize, but he refused to rest on his laurels.
- Successful people should not sit on their laurels.
- The company cannot afford to rest on its laurels in such a competitive market.
它比 stop trying 更有文化感，也更适合写人物成长、成功后的危险、冠军心态、企业创新和长期主义。
语境复现
基础句：
- He refused to rest on his laurels.
提升句：
- After winning the championship, she did not sit on her laurels but returned to training the very next week.
应用句：
- The real test of success is not whether a person can reach the top once, but whether he can resist the temptation to rest on his laurels when praise, comfort, and past glory begin to feel like a safe place to hide.
对应译文
- 他拒绝躺在过去的功劳簿上。
- 赢得冠军后，她并没有满足于既有成就，而是在下一周就回到了训练中。
- 成功真正考验一个人的地方，不在于他是否能登顶一次，而在于当赞美、舒适和过去的荣光开始像一个安全的藏身处时，他是否能抵抗住吃老本的诱惑。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- rest on your laurels
- sit on your laurels
- refuse to rest on your laurels
- cannot afford to rest on your laurels
- be accused of resting on your laurels
例如：
- The company cannot afford to rest on its laurels.
- He was accused of sitting on his laurels after his early success.
- She refused to rest on her laurels and kept improving.
- A good leader never rests on his laurels.
- After one successful product, the firm began to sit on its laurels.
常见形式：
- rest on his / her / their laurels
- sit on its laurels
- not rest on one’s laurels
- be tempted to rest on one’s laurels
- be accused of resting on one’s laurels
- cannot afford to rest on one’s laurels
常见主语：
- champion
- athlete
- student
- writer
- leader
- company
- country
- institution
- team
- successful person
说明：
- laurels 通常用复数。
- rest on your laurels 和 sit on your laurels 意思基本相同。
- rest on your laurels 更常见。
- 这个表达通常带批评意味，表示“满足于过去成就，不再努力”。
- 常用于成功之后的提醒：
- Don’t rest on your laurels.
易错提醒
rest / sit on your laurels 强调“成功后不思进取”，不是普通休息。
它通常用于已经有成就的人或组织。
正确结构是：
- √ rest on his laurels
- √ sit on their laurels
- √ refuse to rest on her laurels
- × rest in his laurels
laurels 一般用复数。
在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：
- success
- achievement
- champion
- complacency
- ambition
- innovation 连用。
近义表达与区别
- become complacent
- rely on past success
- coast on past achievements
- take success for granted
- look to your laurels
细微区别：
- rest / sit on your laurels 最形象，强调“躺在过去荣誉上，不再进取”。
- become complacent 更正式，强调“自满”。
- rely on past success 更直白，表示“依赖过去成功”。
- coast on past achievements 强调“靠旧成绩滑行，不再真正发力”。
- take success for granted 强调“把成功视为理所当然”。
- look to your laurels 是反义提醒，表示“当心别人赶上来，要继续努力”。
更多仿写练习
请用 rest / sit on your laurels 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 他获奖之后没有躺在功劳簿上，而是继续努力
- 成功的公司不能满足于过去的成绩
- 年轻运动员如果太早吃老本，很快就会被后来者超过
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- After winning the award, …
- Successful companies cannot …
- Young athletes who …
- Instead of resting on …
查看参考答案
- 他获奖之后没有躺在功劳簿上，而是继续努力
- After winning the award, he did not rest on his laurels.
- Instead of sitting on his laurels, he kept working to improve his craft.
- 成功的公司不能满足于过去的成绩
- Successful companies cannot afford to rest on their laurels.
- A company that rests on its laurels may soon lose its advantage.
- 年轻运动员如果太早吃老本，很快就会被后来者超过
- Young athletes who rest on their laurels too early may soon be overtaken by others.
- If a young player sits on his laurels after early success, hungrier rivals will quickly catch up.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 have a thick skin 写一个关于“文化与社会”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 take the rough with the smooth 写一个关于“教育与成长”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 rest / sit on your laurels 写一个关于“气候与环境”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 have a thick skin 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 take the rough with the smooth 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 rest / sit on your laurels 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“挫折、恢复与心理韧性”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。