112｜性格、态度与人际判断（1/3）
人物、职业与影响力 · 性格、态度与人际判断 · 3 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. ruffle sb.’s feathers
核心表达 · 写作迁移 · 可用于主题论述
一眼掌握
核心含义： 惹恼某人；使某人不高兴；让某人心烦意乱；触怒某人；冒犯某人
English definition： to upset or annoy someone
这个短语字面意思是“弄乱某人的羽毛”。鸟类在受惊、生气或不安时，羽毛会竖起来、乱起来，所以这个表达引申为：
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： His direct style annoyed some people.
- 升级表达： His direct style ruffled a few feathers.
语境例句
In any organization, people who tell the truth too plainly are likely to ruffle a few feathers, because honesty does not merely communicate information; it also disturbs comfort, hierarchy, and the silent agreements that keep everyone polite.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 ruffle sb.’s feathers，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语字面意思是“弄乱某人的羽毛”。鸟类在受惊、生气或不安时，羽毛会竖起来、乱起来，所以这个表达引申为：
某人的言行让别人不舒服、不高兴，甚至有点被冒犯。
它通常不是指极其严重的愤怒，而是指：
- 让人不爽
- 让人心里别扭
- 触碰了某些人的利益或面子
- 打破了原有秩序，让既得利益者不满
- 说话或做事太直接，引发反感
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a direct person ruffling feathers
- a reformer ruffling feathers
- a newcomer ruffling feathers
- a blunt leader ruffling feathers
- someone’s remarks ruffling feathers
- a controversial personality ruffling feathers
比如：
- His blunt style tends to ruffle feathers.
- Reformers often ruffle a few feathers when they challenge old habits.
- She is respected for her honesty, even if her directness sometimes ruffles feathers.
它比普通的 annoy sb. 更生动，也更带一点社交场合、人际关系和权力结构里的微妙感。它常常暗示：这个人并不一定做错了什么，只是他的方式、存在或改变触动了别人。
语境复现
基础句：
- His comments ruffled a few feathers.
提升句：
- Her direct management style sometimes ruffles feathers, but it also helps problems surface quickly.
应用句：
- In any organization, people who tell the truth too plainly are likely to ruffle a few feathers, because honesty does not merely communicate information; it also disturbs comfort, hierarchy, and the silent agreements that keep everyone polite.
对应译文
- 他的话惹恼了一些人。
- 她直接的管理风格有时会让人不舒服，但也能让问题更快暴露出来。
- 在任何组织里，那些把真话说得太直白的人，都很可能会惹恼一些人；因为诚实不只是传递信息，它也会打扰舒适区、等级秩序，以及那些让大家保持体面的沉默默契。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- ruffle sb.’s feathers
- ruffle a few feathers
- be careful not to ruffle feathers
- not want to ruffle any feathers
例如：
- His speech ruffled a few feathers.
- She did not want to ruffle any feathers on her first day.
- The new manager’s reforms ruffled the feathers of some senior staff.
- Politicians often avoid saying anything that might ruffle voters’ feathers.
常见形式：
- ruffle feathers
- ruffle a few feathers
- ruffle someone’s feathers
- ruffle the feathers of sb.
- avoid ruffling feathers
常见主语：
- comments
- remarks
- behaviour
- style
- reforms
- criticism
- honesty
- directness
- new policies
- new competitors
说明：
- 最常见形式是：
- ruffle a few feathers
- 如果具体说“惹恼某一群人”，可以用：
- ruffle the feathers of senior staff
- ruffle voters’ feathers
- 这个表达常用于轻中度不满，不一定是严重冲突。
- 它常带一点幽默、委婉或评论色彩，比 anger sb. 更柔和、更形象。
- 在人物描写中，它很适合刻画“直率、有棱角、推动改变但容易得罪人”的人。
易错提醒
ruffle sb.’s feathers 通常表示“惹恼、冒犯、让人不舒服”，但语气比 infuriate 轻。
它常用于人际关系、组织、政治、公众舆论等语境。
正确结构是：
- √ ruffle a few feathers
- √ ruffle someone’s feathers
- √ ruffle the feathers of senior staff
- × ruffle someone’s feather
feathers 通常用复数。
在人物类写作中，它特别适合和：
- directness
- bluntness
- reform
- criticism
- leadership style
- controversial remarks 连用。
近义表达与区别
- annoy sb.
- upset sb.
- offend sb.
- rub sb. the wrong way
细微区别：
- ruffle sb.’s feathers 最形象，强调“让人不舒服、被冒犯、心里不爽”，语气比 anger 柔和。
- annoy sb. 最普通，表示“惹恼”。
- upset sb. 更强调情绪受影响。
- offend sb. 更强调“冒犯、触犯尊严或价值观”。
- rub sb. the wrong way 更口语，强调“某人的方式让人天然不舒服”。
更多仿写练习
请用 ruffle sb.’s feathers 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 他讲话太直接，惹恼了一些同事
- 新经理推行改革，触动了老员工的不满
- 她不想第一天上班就得罪任何人
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- His direct remarks …
- The new manager’s reforms …
- She did not want to …
- People who challenge old habits often …
查看参考答案
- 他讲话太直接，惹恼了一些同事
- His direct remarks ruffled a few feathers among his colleagues.
- His blunt way of speaking tends to ruffle people’s feathers.
- 新经理推行改革，触动了老员工的不满
- The new manager’s reforms ruffled the feathers of some senior staff.
- By changing long-standing routines, the new manager ruffled a few feathers.
- 她不想第一天上班就得罪任何人
- She did not want to ruffle any feathers on her first day at work.
- As a newcomer, she was careful not to ruffle anyone’s feathers too soon.
2. raise your eyebrows
核心表达 · 写作迁移 · 可用于主题论述
一眼掌握
核心含义： 扬起眉毛；表示惊讶；表示不满；让人侧目；引起质疑或非议
English definition： to move your eyebrows upwards in order to show surprise or disapproval
这个短语字面意思是“扬起眉毛”。人在惊讶、怀疑、不满、觉得不妥或不太认同时，常会下意识地扬眉，所以这个表达可以引申为：
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： His sudden promotion made people suspicious.
- 升级表达： His sudden promotion raised a few eyebrows.
语境例句
In public life, even small gestures can raise eyebrows when they seem to contradict a person’s carefully managed image, because people often judge character not only by major decisions but also by details that reveal hidden habits, loyalties, or ambitions.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 raise your eyebrows，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语字面意思是“扬起眉毛”。人在惊讶、怀疑、不满、觉得不妥或不太认同时，常会下意识地扬眉，所以这个表达可以引申为：
某件事让人感到惊讶、怀疑或不满。
它的核心不是普通的 surprise，而是带有一种微妙的社会反应：
- 让人觉得奇怪
- 让人不太认可
- 引发质疑
- 让旁观者觉得“不太对劲”
- 可能有点越界、反常、昂贵、夸张或不合规矩
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- someone’s behaviour raising eyebrows
- someone’s remarks raising eyebrows
- a public figure’s lifestyle raising eyebrows
- an appointment raising eyebrows
- a leader’s spending raising eyebrows
- a celebrity’s decision raising eyebrows
比如：
- His sudden promotion raised eyebrows.
- Her expensive lifestyle raised eyebrows among colleagues.
- The politician’s close ties with business leaders raised eyebrows.
这个表达比 shock people 轻，比 annoy people 更含蓄。它常常不是说公众已经愤怒，而是说：大家开始觉得这件事可疑、不妥，或者值得怀疑。
语境复现
基础句：
- His behaviour raised a few eyebrows.
提升句：
- Her sudden resignation raised eyebrows because no clear explanation was given.
应用句：
- In public life, even small gestures can raise eyebrows when they seem to contradict a person’s carefully managed image, because people often judge character not only by major decisions but also by details that reveal hidden habits, loyalties, or ambitions.
对应译文
- 他的行为引起了一些人的侧目。
- 她突然辞职引发了质疑，因为没有给出明确解释。
- 在公共生活中，即便很小的举动，如果看起来与一个人精心经营的形象相矛盾，也可能引发侧目；因为人们判断一个人的品格，不只看重大决定，也看那些暴露隐藏习惯、忠诚关系或野心的细节。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- raise your eyebrows
- raise eyebrows
- raise a few eyebrows
- sth. raises eyebrows
- raise eyebrows among sb.
- raise eyebrows over sth.
例如：
- He raised his eyebrows in surprise.
- The decision raised eyebrows.
- Her comments raised a few eyebrows.
- The appointment raised eyebrows among senior staff.
- Some people raised their eyebrows over the cost of the project.
常见形式：
- raise eyebrows
- raise a few eyebrows
- raise many eyebrows
- raise eyebrows among voters / colleagues / critics
- raise eyebrows over the decision / cost / appointment
常见主语：
- behaviour
- remarks
- decision
- appointment
- promotion
- resignation
- spending
- relationship
- lifestyle
- policy
说明：
- 字面动作是 raise your eyebrows，表示“扬眉”。
- 引申用法里，常见主语不是人，而是某个行为或事件：
- The decision raised eyebrows.
- raise a few eyebrows 很常见，语气比 raise eyebrows 更轻一点，表示“引起一些议论或侧目”。
- 如果表示“对某事表示惊讶或不满”，可以用：
- raise eyebrows over sth.
- 这个表达常用于微妙的社会反应，介于“惊讶”和“不满”之间。
易错提醒
raise eyebrows 不一定表示强烈愤怒，更常表示“惊讶、质疑、侧目、不太认可”。
它常用于委婉表达负面反应，比 provoke outrage 轻很多。
正确结构是：
- √ raise eyebrows
- √ raise a few eyebrows
- √ raise eyebrows over the cost
- × rise eyebrows
注意动词是 raise，不是 rise。
在人物类写作中，它特别适合和：
- sudden promotion
- controversial remarks
- expensive lifestyle
- questionable decision
- public image
- personal conduct 连用。
近义表达与区别
- cause surprise
- cause disapproval
- attract criticism
- raise questions
- draw scrutiny
细微区别：
- raise eyebrows 最含蓄，强调“让人惊讶、侧目或不太认可”。
- cause surprise 更中性，只强调“让人惊讶”。
- cause disapproval 更明确表示“不满”。
- attract criticism 更强，表示“招致批评”。
- raise questions 更强调“引发疑问”。
- draw scrutiny 更正式，强调“受到审视”。
更多仿写练习
请用 raise your eyebrows / raise eyebrows 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 他的突然升职引起了同事们的质疑
- 这位公众人物奢华的生活方式让很多人侧目
- 她在会议上的评论让一些人感到惊讶和不满
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- His sudden promotion …
- The public figure’s lavish lifestyle …
- Her comments at the meeting …
- Many people raised …
查看参考答案
- 他的突然升职引起了同事们的质疑
- His sudden promotion raised eyebrows among his colleagues.
- The speed of his promotion raised a few eyebrows in the office.
- 这位公众人物奢华的生活方式让很多人侧目
- The public figure’s lavish lifestyle raised many eyebrows.
- His expensive tastes raised eyebrows among voters who expected humility from him.
- 她在会议上的评论让一些人感到惊讶和不满
- Her comments at the meeting raised a few eyebrows.
- Some people raised their eyebrows over what she said during the discussion.
3. have an axe to grind
核心表达 · 写作迁移 · 可用于主题论述
一眼掌握
核心含义： 别有用心；另有所图；有私心；带着私人动机参与某事或支持某种主张
English definition： to have private reasons for being involved in something or for arguing for a particular cause
这个短语用来表示某人表面上是在坚持原则、表达观点、揭露问题或支持某项事业，但别人怀疑他背后其实有私人动机。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： Some people think he has a hidden motive.
- 升级表达： Some people think he has an axe to grind.
语境例句
The company dismissed the allegations as coming from a former employee with an axe to grind.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 have an axe to grind，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示某人表面上是在坚持原则、表达观点、揭露问题或支持某项事业，但别人怀疑他背后其实有私人动机。
它的核心不是普通的 have a reason，而是：
- 动机不完全公开
- 可能带着个人恩怨
- 可能有利益诉求
- 可能借公共议题表达私人不满
- 说话立场未必完全中立
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a former employee with an axe to grind
- a critic with an axe to grind
- a politician with an axe to grind
- someone denying that they have an axe to grind
- a whistle-blower being accused of having an axe to grind
比如：
- Some critics accused him of having an axe to grind.
- She insisted she had no axe to grind and only wanted the truth to come out.
- A former employee with an axe to grind may not be the most neutral source.
这个表达常用于质疑一个人的动机，而不是直接否定他的话。也就是说，一个人 has an axe to grind，并不必然说明他说的是假的，但说明他的立场可能不够中立。
语境复现
基础句：
- He clearly has an axe to grind.
提升句：
- The company dismissed the allegations as coming from a former employee with an axe to grind.
应用句：
- In public debates, it is often easier to accuse someone of having an axe to grind than to answer the substance of what they say, which is why questions of motive should be examined carefully but not used as a shortcut to avoid uncomfortable facts.
对应译文
- 他显然别有用心。
- 公司驳斥这些指控，称它们来自一位心怀不满、别有用心的前员工。
- 在公共辩论中，指责某人别有用心，往往比回应其观点本身更容易；所以动机问题当然应该被审慎考察，但不能被当成回避不舒服事实的捷径。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- have an axe to grind
- with an axe to grind
- have no axe to grind
- accuse sb. of having an axe to grind
- dismiss sb. as someone with an axe to grind
例如：
- He has an axe to grind.
- She claimed she had no axe to grind.
- Critics said he was a former employee with an axe to grind.
- The report was dismissed as the work of someone with an axe to grind.
- They accused him of having a political axe to grind.
常见形式：
- a critic with an axe to grind
- a former employee with an axe to grind
- a politician with an axe to grind
- have no political axe to grind
- have a personal axe to grind
常见搭配对象：
- critic
- former employee
- whistle-blower
- activist
- politician
- commentator
- rival
- disgruntled worker
- campaigner
说明：
- axe 是“斧头”，grind 是“磨”，字面是“有一把斧头要磨”，引申为“另有所图”。
- 常见结构是：
- have an axe to grind
- 名词短语结构也很常见：
- someone with an axe to grind
- 可以加形容词说明动机类型：
- a personal axe to grind
- a political axe to grind
- 否定形式 have no axe to grind 很有用，表示“没有私心、并非另有所图”。
易错提醒
have an axe to grind 强调“有私心或私人动机”，不是普通“有目标”。
它常带怀疑或负面意味，用来质疑某人的动机。
正确结构是：
- √ have an axe to grind
- √ someone with an axe to grind
- √ have no political axe to grind
- × have an axe to ground
不要把它理解成“努力工作”或“磨练技能”。
在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：
- former employee
- critic
- whistle-blower
- personal grievance
- political motive
- hidden agenda 连用。
近义表达与区别
- have a hidden motive
- have a personal agenda
- have an ulterior motive
- be biased
- have no axe to grind
细微区别：
- have an axe to grind 最形象，强调“带着私人动机或个人恩怨参与某事”。
- have a hidden motive 更直白，强调“隐藏动机”。
- have a personal agenda 更强调“个人目的或私下议程”。
- have an ulterior motive 更正式，强调“不公开的真实动机”。
- be biased 更宽泛，表示“有偏见、不客观”。
- have no axe to grind 是反向表达，强调“没有私心，并非别有用心”。
更多仿写练习
请用 have an axe to grind 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 有人认为这位前员工只是心怀不满、别有用心
- 她坚持说自己没有私心，只是想揭露真相
- 在评价批评者时，我们既要看他的动机，也要看他说的内容是否真实
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- Some people believe …
- She insisted that …
- The company dismissed …
- When judging a critic, …
查看参考答案
- 有人认为这位前员工只是心怀不满、别有用心
- Some people believe the former employee has an axe to grind.
- Critics dismissed him as a disgruntled ex-worker with an axe to grind.
- 她坚持说自己没有私心，只是想揭露真相
- She insisted that she had no axe to grind and only wanted the truth to come out.
- She said she had no personal axe to grind, but felt responsible for speaking up.
- 在评价批评者时，我们既要看他的动机，也要看他说的内容是否真实
- When judging a critic, we should ask whether he has an axe to grind, but also whether his claims are true.
- Even if someone has an axe to grind, their evidence should still be examined carefully.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 ruffle sb.’s feathers 写一个关于“科学与技术”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 raise your eyebrows 写一个关于“健康与医疗”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 have an axe to grind 写一个关于“经济与就业”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 ruffle sb.’s feathers 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 raise your eyebrows 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 have an axe to grind 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“性格、态度与人际判断”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。