109｜权力、影响与公众位置（1/3）
人物、职业与影响力 · 权力、影响与公众位置 · 3 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. pull the strings
一眼掌握
核心含义： 幕后操纵；暗中控制；在背后掌控局面；通过隐蔽方式影响他人行动或事件走向
English definition： to control events or the actions of other people, especially secretly or indirectly
这个短语字面意思是“拉动提线木偶的线”。木偶表面上在动，真正控制它的却是背后拉线的人，所以 pull the strings 引申为：
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： He secretly controlled the whole operation.
- 升级表达： He was pulling the strings behind the whole operation.
语境例句
In many organizations, the person with the highest title is not always the person pulling the strings; real power may belong to those who control information, relationships, and access to decision-makers.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 pull the strings，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语字面意思是“拉动提线木偶的线”。木偶表面上在动，真正控制它的却是背后拉线的人，所以 pull the strings 引申为：
某人并不一定站在台前，却在幕后真正控制局面。
它的核心不是普通的 control，而是：
- 控制是间接的
- 操作通常不完全公开
- 表面上别人说了算，实际上另有人掌控
- 常带政治、商业、权力、人际网络中的幕后意味
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a powerful adviser pulling the strings
- a wealthy donor pulling the strings
- a senior figure pulling the strings behind the scenes
- a family member pulling the strings in a business
- a political strategist pulling the strings behind a campaign
比如：
- Many believe he is the one pulling the strings.
- She may not hold an official title, but she is clearly pulling the strings.
- Behind the public face of the organization, an old network of insiders continues to pull the strings.
这个表达常带一点负面或警惕意味，因为它暗示权力并不透明，真正的决策者可能不在明面上。
语境复现
基础句：
- He was secretly pulling the strings.
提升句：
- Although he never appeared in public, many believed he was pulling the strings behind the campaign.
应用句：
- In many organizations, the person with the highest title is not always the person pulling the strings; real power may belong to those who control information, relationships, and access to decision-makers.
对应译文
- 他在暗中操纵局面。
- 尽管他从未公开露面，许多人仍认为他才是这场竞选背后的操盘手。
- 在许多组织里，头衔最高的人未必是真正掌控局面的人；真正的权力可能属于那些控制信息、人际关系和决策者入口的人。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- pull the strings
- be pulling the strings
- pull the strings behind sth.
- pull the strings behind the scenes
- the person pulling the strings
例如：
- Who is really pulling the strings?
- He was accused of pulling the strings behind the deal.
- She is the person pulling the strings behind the operation.
- The public leader may not be the one who pulls the strings.
- Behind the scenes, a small group of advisers were pulling the strings.
常见形式：
- secretly pull the strings
- quietly pull the strings
- pull the strings behind the scenes
- pull the strings of an organization
- the people pulling the strings
常见主语：
- adviser
- strategist
- donor
- banker
- family member
- senior official
- political insider
- business elite
- powerful network
说明：
- pull the strings 常指“幕后操纵”，通常不需要再接宾语。
- 如果要说明在哪件事背后操纵，可以说：
- pull the strings behind the campaign
- pull the strings behind the operation
- 很常见的搭配是：
- behind the scenes
- 这个表达常用于政治、商业、组织权力、人际关系和阴谋式叙述中。
- 语气通常带有“权力不透明”的意味。
易错提醒
pull the strings 强调“幕后控制”，不只是普通管理。
它常带隐蔽性和操纵意味，所以语气通常不完全中性。
正确结构是：
- √ pull the strings
- √ pull the strings behind the operation
- √ the person pulling the strings
- × pull strings to the operation
如果只是公开领导团队，不一定适合用这个表达。
在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：
- behind the scenes
- political adviser
- hidden influence
- power broker
- insider network 连用。
近义表达与区别
- control sth. from behind the scenes
- manipulate events
- exercise hidden influence
- call the shots
细微区别：
- pull the strings 最形象，强调“像操控木偶一样在幕后掌控局面”。
- control sth. from behind the scenes 更直白，强调“幕后控制”。
- manipulate events 语气更负面，强调“操纵、摆布”。
- exercise hidden influence 更正式，强调“施加隐蔽影响”。
- call the shots 更口语，表示“真正说了算”，不一定强调幕后。
更多仿写练习
请用 pull the strings 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 表面上是经理在负责，但真正操控局面的是老板的亲信
- 很多人认为这位顾问在幕后操纵整场竞选
- 他没有正式头衔，却能影响所有重大决定
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- On paper, the manager …
- Many people believed …
- Although he had no official title …
- Behind the scenes, …
查看参考答案
- 表面上是经理在负责，但真正操控局面的是老板的亲信
- On paper, the manager was in charge, but the boss’s close adviser was really pulling the strings.
- The manager appeared to run the team, but someone else was pulling the strings behind the scenes.
- 很多人认为这位顾问在幕后操纵整场竞选
- Many people believed the adviser was pulling the strings behind the campaign.
- The strategist was widely seen as the person pulling the strings behind the election effort.
- 他没有正式头衔，却能影响所有重大决定
- Although he had no official title, he seemed to be pulling the strings.
- He was not on the board, but everyone knew he was pulling the strings behind major decisions.
2. hold sway
一眼掌握
核心含义： 掌权；占据支配地位；具有强大影响力；对……产生主导性影响
English definition： to have power or a very strong influence over people, places, ideas, or events
这个短语用来表示某个人、群体、思想、制度、风气或势力，在某个地方、时期或领域中拥有很强的控制力或影响力。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： Traditional ideas still have a strong influence in the community.
- 升级表达： Traditional ideas still hold sway in the community.
语境例句
In many institutions, formal titles change more quickly than real authority; old networks, inherited habits, and respected senior figures may continue to hold sway long after new leaders have taken office.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 hold sway，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示某个人、群体、思想、制度、风气或势力，在某个地方、时期或领域中拥有很强的控制力或影响力。
它的核心不是普通的 influence，而是：
- 影响力很强
- 处于主导位置
- 能左右他人行为或社会走向
- 某种观念、人物或势力在一定范围内“说了算”
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a leader holding sway over followers
- an adviser holding sway in government
- a public intellectual holding sway over public debate
- a powerful family holding sway in local politics
- old ideas holding sway over a person’s mind
- traditional values holding sway in a community
比如：
- He held sway over the party for decades.
- Traditional ideas still hold sway in many communities.
- A small group of senior figures continued to hold sway behind the scenes.
它比 have influence 更正式、更有权力感，常见于政治、思想、宗教、社会阶层、组织权力和文化传统等语境。
语境复现
基础句：
- The old leader still holds sway in the party.
提升句：
- Although he has retired, his ideas continue to hold sway over the younger generation of officials.
应用句：
- In many institutions, formal titles change more quickly than real authority; old networks, inherited habits, and respected senior figures may continue to hold sway long after new leaders have taken office.
对应译文
- 那位老领导在党内仍然有很大影响力。
- 尽管他已经退休，他的思想仍然深深影响着年轻一代官员。
- 在许多机构里，正式头衔的更替往往比真实权威的变化更快；旧有关系网络、继承下来的习惯，以及受人尊敬的资深人物，可能在新领导上任很久之后仍然保持支配性影响。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- hold sway
- hold sway over sb. / sth.
- hold sway in a place / field / institution
- continue to hold sway
- once held sway
例如：
- The family held sway over local politics.
- Religious leaders still hold sway in the region.
- Old assumptions continue to hold sway in public debate.
- The theory once held sway among economists.
- He no longer holds official power, but he still holds sway behind the scenes.
常见形式：
- hold sway over a community
- hold sway over public opinion
- hold sway in politics
- hold sway in the countryside
- continue to hold sway
- no longer hold sway
- once held sway
常见主语：
人物 / 群体：
- leader
- family
- adviser
- elite
- religious figure
- senior official
- political faction
- intellectual
抽象事物：
- idea
- belief
- tradition
- ideology
- culture
- prejudice
- fashion
- assumption
说明：
- hold sway 本身就表示“拥有支配性影响”，可以不接宾语。
- 如果要说明支配对象，常用：
- hold sway over sb. / sth.
- 如果要说明影响发生的范围，常用：
- hold sway in + 地点 / 领域
- 它既可以用于人，也可以用于思想、传统、价值观等抽象事物。
- 这个表达偏正式，常见于外刊、历史、政治和社会评论。
易错提醒
hold sway 强调“强大影响力或支配地位”，比普通 influence 更强。
它常用于较正式的政治、社会、文化或历史语境。
正确结构是：
- √ hold sway over local politics
- √ hold sway in the region
- √ continue to hold sway
- × hold a sway
sway 在这里是不可数名词，不说 a sway。
在人物类写作中，它特别适合和：
- leader
- elite
- family
- ideology
- tradition
- belief
- public opinion 连用。
近义表达与区别
- have strong influence
- dominate
- exercise power over sth.
- wield influence
细微区别：
- hold sway 最有正式评论感，强调“处于支配地位、具有强大影响”。
- have strong influence 最直白，也最通用。
- dominate 更强，强调“支配、压倒其他力量”。
- exercise power over sth. 更正式，强调“行使权力”。
- wield influence 更书面，强调“运用影响力”。
更多仿写练习
请用 hold sway 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 这位老领导退休后仍在组织中有很大影响力
- 传统观念在一些家庭中仍然占据主导地位
- 一个小圈子的精英长期控制着当地政治
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- The old leader still …
- Traditional beliefs continue to …
- A small elite …
- Although he no longer has an official title …
查看参考答案
- 这位老领导退休后仍在组织中有很大影响力
- The old leader still holds sway in the organization after retirement.
- Although he no longer has an official title, he continues to hold sway behind the scenes.
- 传统观念在一些家庭中仍然占据主导地位
- Traditional beliefs continue to hold sway in some families.
- In many communities, old ideas about duty and status still hold sway.
- 一个小圈子的精英长期控制着当地政治
- A small elite has long held sway over local politics.
- For decades, a narrow circle of insiders held sway in the town’s political life.
3. at the behest of sb. / at sb.’s behest
一眼掌握
核心含义： 在某人的要求下；在某人的命令下；受某人指示；应某人要求；在某人的授意下
English definition： because of being asked or ordered by someone
这个短语用来表示某个行动、决定、文件、调查或安排，是因为某人或某个机构提出要求、下达指示或施加影响才发生的。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The report was written because the minister asked for it.
- 升级表达： The report was written at the behest of the minister.
语境例句
In many organizations, decisions that appear to come from committees are often made at the behest of a few powerful figures whose influence is felt more clearly in outcomes than in official minutes.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 at the behest of sb. / at sb.’s behest，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示某个行动、决定、文件、调查或安排，是因为某人或某个机构提出要求、下达指示或施加影响才发生的。
它的核心不是普通的 because of sb.，而是：
- 背后有人要求
- 行动不是完全自发的
- 常带“受某人指示 / 授意”的意味
- 在新闻、法律、政治、商业语境中特别常见
在人物类话题中，它特别适合写：
- officials acting at the behest of a leader
- a report produced at the behest of the government
- a decision made at the behest of shareholders
- a company taking action at the behest of investors
- an investigation launched at the behest of senior officials
比如：
- The report was written at the behest of the minister.
- The company changed its policy at the behest of major shareholders.
- The investigation was launched at the behest of senior officials.
它比 because someone asked 更正式，也更有新闻报道和权力关系的味道。它常暗示：表面上的行动背后，有一个更有权力或更有影响力的人在推动。
语境复现
基础句：
- The report was prepared at the behest of the chairman.
提升句：
- The company revised its policy at the behest of its largest investors.
应用句：
- In many organizations, decisions that appear to come from committees are often made at the behest of a few powerful figures whose influence is felt more clearly in outcomes than in official minutes.
对应译文
- 这份报告是在主席的要求下准备的。
- 公司在最大投资者的要求下修改了政策。
- 在许多组织里，那些看似由委员会作出的决定，往往是在少数强势人物的授意下形成的；他们的影响力并不总是写在会议纪要里，却会清楚地体现在结果中。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- at the behest of sb.
- at sb.’s behest
- do sth. at the behest of sb.
- be produced / launched / created / changed at the behest of sb.
例如：
- The inquiry was opened at the behest of the mayor.
- The document was produced at the behest of senior officials.
- The policy was changed at the behest of industry leaders.
- At the president’s behest, the plan was revised.
- The project was cancelled at the behest of the board.
常见形式：
- at the behest of the government
- at the behest of shareholders
- at the behest of senior officials
- at the behest of the court
- at the behest of investors
- at the minister’s behest
常见主语 / 动作：
- report was prepared
- policy was changed
- inquiry was launched
- investigation was opened
- project was cancelled
- assets were frozen
- document was produced
- meeting was arranged
说明：
- behest 是名词，意思是“命令、吩咐、要求”。
- 最常见结构是：
- at the behest of sb.
- 另一种结构是：
- at sb.’s behest
- 这个表达偏正式，常见于新闻、法律、政治、商务和外交语境。
- 它常用于被动句，因为重点往往是“某事是在谁的授意下发生的”。
易错提醒
at the behest of sb. 语气正式，不适合非常随意的日常小事。
它强调“受某人要求、指示或授意”，不是简单“受某人影响”。
正确结构是：
- √ at the behest of the chairman
- √ at the government’s behest
- √ at the behest of shareholders
- × in the behest of sb.
behest 常见于固定搭配，平时很少单独使用。
在人物类写作里，它特别适合和：
- leader
- chairman
- shareholders
- officials
- investors
- board
- government 连用。
近义表达与区别
- at the request of sb.
- on sb.’s instructions
- under orders from sb.
- at sb.’s urging
- on behalf of sb.
细微区别：
- at the behest of sb. 最正式，常带“授意、指示、权力推动”的意味。
- at the request of sb. 更中性，表示“应某人要求”。
- on sb.’s instructions 强调“按照某人的指示执行”。
- under orders from sb. 更强调命令关系，权力感更强。
- at sb.’s urging 强调“在某人的劝说、催促下”。
- on behalf of sb. 表示“代表某人”，不是“受某人命令”，不要混淆。
更多仿写练习
请用 at the behest of sb. / at sb.’s behest 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 这项调查是在市长的要求下启动的
- 公司在投资者的要求下改变了策略
- 这份报告是在几位高级官员的授意下完成的
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- The investigation was launched …
- The company changed …
- The report was prepared …
- At the board’s behest, …
查看参考答案
- 这项调查是在市长的要求下启动的
- The investigation was launched at the behest of the mayor.
- At the mayor’s behest, officials opened an investigation into the case.
- 公司在投资者的要求下改变了策略
- The company changed its strategy at the behest of its investors.
- At the investors’ behest, the firm revised its expansion plan.
- 这份报告是在几位高级官员的授意下完成的
- The report was prepared at the behest of several senior officials.
- At the behest of senior officials, the document was produced within a few weeks.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 pull the strings 写一个关于“真实世界观察”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 hold sway 写一个关于“治理与公共政策”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 at the behest of sb. / at sb.’s behest 写一个关于“真实世界观察”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 pull the strings 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 hold sway 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 at the behest of sb. / at sb.’s behest 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“权力、影响与公众位置”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。