104｜责任、伦理与公共判断（2/2）
媒体、信息与舆论 · 责任、伦理与公共判断 · 2 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. hold sb. / sth. to account
一眼掌握
核心含义： 追究……的责任；让……接受问责；要求……为自己的行为作出解释；监督并追责
English definition： to make someone explain or take responsibility for their actions, especially when they have done something wrong
这个表达是媒体类话题里非常重要的一个句型，尤其适合讨论新闻监督、调查报道、公共权力和社会责任。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The media should make politicians take responsibility for their actions.
- 升级表达： The media should hold politicians to account.
语境例句
In a democratic society, journalism matters not because it is always popular or comfortable, but because it can hold power to account when ordinary citizens lack the access, resources, or protection to do so themselves.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 hold sb. / sth. to account，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个表达是媒体类话题里非常重要的一个句型，尤其适合讨论新闻监督、调查报道、公共权力和社会责任。
它用来表示媒体、公众、法律、议会或社会机制要求某个人、机构、企业或政府不能只是拥有权力、作出决定，而必须为自己的行为承担责任。
它的核心不是简单的 criticize，而是：
- 要求解释
- 要求负责
- 要求公开回应
- 要求承担后果
- 防止权力在没有监督的情况下运行
在媒体类话题中，它特别适合写：
- journalists holding governments to account
- the press holding powerful institutions to account
- investigative reporting holding companies to account
- independent media holding politicians to account
- citizens using media to hold leaders to account
比如：
- The press has a duty to hold those in power to account.
- Investigative journalism can hold companies and governments to account.
- Without independent media, it becomes much harder to hold power to account.
它比普通的 blame 或 criticize 更高级，因为它强调的不是“骂谁”，而是“让谁对自己的行为负责”。
语境复现
基础句：
- The media should hold powerful people to account.
提升句：
- Investigative journalism plays an important role in holding public institutions to account.
应用句：
- In a democratic society, journalism matters not because it is always popular or comfortable, but because it can hold power to account when ordinary citizens lack the access, resources, or protection to do so themselves.
对应译文
- 媒体应当追究有权者的责任。
- 调查性新闻在监督公共机构并促使其接受问责方面发挥着重要作用。
- 在一个民主社会中，新闻之所以重要，并不是因为它总是受欢迎或令人舒服，而是因为当普通公民缺乏渠道、资源或保护去追问权力时，新闻可以替他们追责。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- hold sb. to account
- hold sth. to account
- hold power to account
- be held to account
- hold sb. accountable（相关表达）
例如：
- Journalists should hold politicians to account.
- The media has a responsibility to hold power to account.
- Companies must be held to account for misleading consumers.
- Public institutions should be held to account when they fail.
常见形式：
- hold the government to account
- hold politicians to account
- hold companies to account
- hold institutions to account
- hold power to account
- be held to account for sth.
常见搭配对象：
- government
- politicians
- companies
- institutions
- platforms
- public officials
- those in power
- powerful interests
说明：
- hold sb. to account 强调“要求某人承担责任”，常用于公共事务、媒体监督和政治语境。
- 被动形式很常见：
- be held to account
- 常见搭配是：
- hold power to account
- hold the government to account
- 如果要强调“因某事被追责”，可以用：
- be held to account for sth.
- 相关形容词表达是：
- hold sb. accountable
- be accountable to the public
易错提醒
hold sb. to account 不是简单“批评某人”，而是“要求其负责并接受问责”。
它常用于正式语境，尤其是政治、媒体、法律、企业责任和公共治理。
正确结构是：
- √ hold politicians to account
- √ hold power to account
- √ be held to account for misconduct
- × hold politicians account
account 在这里不是“账户”，而是“解释、说明、责任交代”。
在媒体类写作里，它特别适合和：
- investigative journalism
- press freedom
- accountability
- public trust
- abuse of power 连用。
近义表达与区别
- hold sb. accountable
- demand accountability
- call sb. to account
- make sb. answer for sth.
细微区别：
- hold sb. / sth. to account 最适合媒体、政治和公共治理语境，强调“让权力接受问责”。
- hold sb. accountable 更直接，也很常见，强调“使某人承担责任”。
- demand accountability 更偏名词化表达，常用于公共呼吁。
- call sb. to account 更正式、更书面，语气较强。
- make sb. answer for sth. 更口语或更强硬，强调“让某人为某事负责”。
更多仿写练习
请用 hold sb. / sth. to account 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 新闻媒体应当监督政府并追究其责任
- 调查性报道可以让大公司为误导消费者负责
- 如果没有自由媒体，权力就更难被问责
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- The press should …
- Investigative journalism can …
- Without free media, …
- Public institutions must …
查看参考答案
- 新闻媒体应当监督政府并追究其责任
- The press should hold the government to account.
- Independent media has a duty to hold public officials to account.
- 调查性报道可以让大公司为误导消费者负责
- Investigative journalism can hold large companies to account for misleading consumers.
- Serious reporting helps hold corporations to account when they abuse public trust.
- 如果没有自由媒体，权力就更难被问责
- Without free media, it is much harder to hold power to account.
- A society without independent journalism may struggle to hold those in power to account.
2. serve the public interest
一眼掌握
核心含义： 服务公众利益；符合公共利益；有助于公众知情、监督权力、保护社会或作出更好的公共判断
English definition： to benefit the public as a whole, especially by informing citizens, exposing wrongdoing, protecting people, or helping society make better decisions
这个短语常用于讨论新闻伦理、媒体责任、信息公开和调查报道，表示某项报道、披露、调查或决定，不仅吸引眼球，而且对公众整体有实际价值。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The report helped the public.
- 升级表达： The report served the public interest by exposing serious wrongdoing.
语境例句
The strongest defence of a free press is not that it attracts attention, but that, at its best, it serves the public interest by uncovering wrongdoing, informing citizens, and widening the space for accountability.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 serve the public interest，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语常用于讨论新闻伦理、媒体责任、信息公开和调查报道，表示某项报道、披露、调查或决定，不仅吸引眼球，而且对公众整体有实际价值。
它的核心不是“公众感兴趣”，而是“公众有正当理由知道”：
- 报道有助于揭露不当行为
- 信息公开有助于问责
- 公众可以因此作出更好的判断
- 社会整体利益大于机构或个人不愿曝光的尴尬
在媒体类话题中，它特别适合写：
- investigative reporting serving the public interest
- publishing certain facts in the public interest
- journalism that fails to serve the public interest
- decisions justified on the grounds that they serve the public interest
- press freedom as a tool for serving the public interest
比如：
- Good journalism should serve the public interest.
- Publishing the report was justified because it served the public interest.
- Sensational stories may attract attention, but they do not always serve the public interest.
这个表达很重要，因为它能帮助学生区分两件事：
- what the public is interested in：公众感兴趣的事，可能只是八卦、猎奇或情绪刺激
- what is in the public interest：符合公共利益的事，通常涉及知情权、监督、问责、安全、公平和社会判断
因此，它非常适合用来提升媒体类作文的论证层次。
语境复现
基础句：
- Good journalism should serve the public interest.
提升句：
- Exposing corruption may be controversial, but it clearly serves the public interest.
应用句：
- The strongest defence of a free press is not that it attracts attention, but that, at its best, it serves the public interest by uncovering wrongdoing, informing citizens, and widening the space for accountability.
对应译文
- 好的新闻工作应当服务公众利益。
- 揭露腐败可能会引发争议，但它显然符合公共利益。
- 对自由媒体最有力的辩护，不在于它能吸引注意，而在于它在最佳状态下能够通过揭露不当行为、提供信息和扩大问责空间来服务公众利益。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- serve the public interest
- be in the public interest
- act in the public interest
- justify sth. in the public interest
- fail to serve the public interest
例如：
- The investigation served the public interest.
- Publishing the report was in the public interest.
- Journalists are expected to act in the public interest.
- The newspaper argued that the disclosure was justified in the public interest.
- Some coverage attracts clicks but fails to serve the public interest.
常见主语：
- journalism
- reporting
- investigation
- disclosure
- transparency
- press freedom
- public debate
- media scrutiny
- watchdog journalism
常见搭配：
- clearly serve the public interest
- genuinely serve the public interest
- fail to serve the public interest
- serve no public interest
- be justified in the public interest
- balance privacy against the public interest
说明：
- public interest 指“公众整体利益”，不是“公众好奇心”。
- serve the public interest 常用于判断媒体行为是否有正当性。
- be in the public interest 更常用于判断某项披露或决定是否应该被允许。
- 这个表达与新闻伦理、隐私权、问责和信息公开高度相关。
易错提醒
- serve the public interest 不是“满足公众八卦兴趣”，而是“对公众整体真正有益”。
- 不要把 public interest 和 public curiosity 混为一谈。
- 它很适合和 investigative reporting, accountability, transparency, disclosure, press freedom 这些词一起用。
- 如果讨论隐私问题，可以写：
- balance privacy against the public interest
- 如果某篇报道只是吸引点击但没有公共价值，可以说：
- It attracts attention but does little to serve the public interest.
近义表达与区别
- be in the public interest
- benefit the public
- act in the public interest
- serve a wider social purpose
- promote public accountability
细微区别：
- serve the public interest 最适合写媒体责任和新闻伦理，强调“服务公共价值”。
- be in the public interest 更常用于判断某件事“是否应当公开或允许”。
- benefit the public 更通俗直接，但不如 serve the public interest 有公共伦理色彩。
- act in the public interest 更适合写机构、记者或政府的行为原则。
- promote public accountability 更具体，强调“推动问责”。
更多仿写练习
请用 serve the public interest 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 真正有价值的调查报道应当服务公众利益
- 公开这些信息是否合理，取决于它是否符合公共利益
- 媒体不应该只追求流量，而应该考虑公共价值
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- Truly valuable investigative reporting …
- Whether this information should be published …
- The media should not …
- A free press matters because …
查看参考答案
1. 真正有价值的调查报道应当服务公众利益
- Truly valuable investigative reporting should serve the public interest.
- Investigative journalism serves the public interest when it uncovers wrongdoing that powerful actors would rather keep hidden.
2. 公开这些信息是否合理，取决于它是否符合公共利益
- Whether this information should be published depends on whether doing so serves the public interest.
- The disclosure can be justified only if it serves the public interest rather than mere public curiosity.
3. 媒体不应该只追求流量，而应该考虑公共价值
- The media should not chase attention alone, but should ask whether its work serves the public interest.
- A story may attract enormous traffic and still fail to serve the public interest if it adds little to public understanding.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 hold sb. / sth. to account 写一个关于“文化与社会”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 serve the public interest 写一个关于“真实世界观察”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 hold sb. / sth. to account 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 serve the public interest 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“责任、伦理与公共判断”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
单元复盘
这是“责任、伦理与公共判断”单元的最后一课。不要重新通读笔记，先完成主动回忆：
- 写出本单元你最想保留的 5 个表达；
- 每个表达写一个与自己有关的句子；
- 选择其中 3 个，写一段 120—150 词的短文；
- 检查语义、搭配、语气和段落逻辑。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。