099｜叙事、框架与舆论塑造（1/2）
媒体、信息与舆论 · 叙事、框架与舆论塑造 · 3 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. shape public opinion
一眼掌握
核心含义： 塑造公众舆论；影响公众看法；引导公众对某一事件、人物、政策或社会问题的理解
English definition： to influence the way people think about an issue, event, person, or policy
这个表达用来表示媒体、社交平台、政府、公众人物、报道方式或算法机制，对人们如何理解某件事产生影响。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The media influences what people think about politics.
- 升级表达： The media shapes public opinion on politics.
语境例句
Photographs of exhausted firefighters did more to shape public opinion than months of abstract debate about climate risk.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 shape public opinion，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个表达用来表示媒体、社交平台、政府、公众人物、报道方式或算法机制，对人们如何理解某件事产生影响。
它的核心不是简单的“告诉人们信息”，而是：
- 决定哪些信息被看见
- 决定事实以什么角度呈现
- 影响公众情绪
- 改变人们对事件的判断
- 形成某种集体看法或社会共识
在媒体类话题中，它特别适合写：
- media shaping public opinion
- social media shaping public opinion
- headlines shaping public opinion
- algorithms shaping public opinion
- political campaigns shaping public opinion
- news coverage shaping public opinion
比如：
- The media plays a powerful role in shaping public opinion.
- Social media platforms increasingly shape public opinion by deciding what users see first.
- Public opinion is shaped not only by facts, but also by how those facts are framed.
它比普通的 influence people 更正式，也更适合新闻、传播、舆论、政治和社会评论语境。
语境复现
- Photographs of exhausted firefighters did more to shape public opinion than months of abstract debate about climate risk.
对应译文
- 疲惫消防员的照片对公众舆论的影响，超过了数月关于气候风险的抽象争论。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- shape public opinion
- help shape public opinion
- play a role in shaping public opinion
- be shaped by media coverage
- shape public opinion on / about sth.
例如：
- Newspapers helped shape public opinion on the war.
- Social media has reshaped public opinion about privacy.
- News coverage can shape public opinion before all the facts are known.
- Public opinion is often shaped by repetition, framing, and emotional language.
常见搭配对象：
- media
- newspapers
- television
- social media
- algorithms
- headlines
- political campaigns
- public debate
- news coverage
说明：
- shape 强调“塑造”，比 influence 更有形成过程的意味。
- public opinion 是不可数名词，一般不说 public opinions。
- 常见被动结构是：
- public opinion is shaped by …
- 也可以说：
- shape attitudes
- shape perceptions
- shape public debate
易错提醒
shape public opinion 强调长期或结构性影响，不只是临时改变某个人想法。
public opinion 通常作不可数名词使用。
正确结构是：
- √ shape public opinion
- √ shape public opinion on an issue
- × shape public opinions
它常用于媒体、政治、社会议题、公共事件等较宏观语境。
在媒体类写作里，它特别适合和：
- headlines
- algorithms
- news coverage
- misinformation
- political campaigns 连用。
近义表达与区别
- influence public opinion
- shape public perception
- sway public opinion
细微区别：
- shape public opinion 最自然，强调“塑造公众整体看法”。
- influence public opinion 更宽泛，强调“影响”。
- shape public perception 更强调“塑造公众感知和印象”。
- sway public opinion 更强调“改变舆论方向”，常用于政治、竞选、争议语境。
更多仿写练习
- 不看英文，根据中文译文恢复包含 shape public opinion 的完整句子。
- 保留这个表达，把原句改写成与你熟悉的城市或行业有关。
- 再换到“媒体与社会”以外的主题，写一个意思成立的新句子。
查看参考答案
第 1 题可与本页语境例句核对。第 2、3 题为开放答案；检查目标表达的结构是否完整、语气是否合适，并确认句子包含具体主体和清楚结果。
2. frame sth. as sth.
一眼掌握
核心含义： 把……描述成……；将……框定为……；以某种方式呈现某事；用某种叙事角度塑造人们对某事的理解
English definition： to present or describe something in a particular way, especially in order to influence how people understand it
这个表达是媒体类话题里非常关键的句型。它强调的不是媒体有没有报道某件事，而是媒体如何讲述这件事。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The media described the protest as a threat.
- 升级表达： The media framed the protest as a threat.
语境例句
Some media outlets frame social inequality as a matter of individual effort rather than structural disadvantage.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 frame sth. as sth.，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个表达是媒体类话题里非常关键的句型。它强调的不是媒体有没有报道某件事，而是媒体如何讲述这件事。
同一个事实，如果被放进不同框架，公众理解会完全不同。比如一场抗议活动，可以被：
- framed as a fight for justice
- framed as a threat to public order
- framed as a sign of social frustration
- framed as political manipulation
所以 frame sth. as sth. 的重点是：
- 选择某种解释角度
- 给事件贴上一种意义标签
- 引导读者从某个方向理解事件
- 影响公众情绪和判断
在媒体类话题中，它特别适合写：
- media outlets framing protests as disorder
- politicians framing criticism as an attack
- newspapers framing migration as a crisis
- advertisers framing consumption as self-expression
- platforms framing engagement as community
比如：
- The newspaper framed the protest as a threat to public order.
- Some media outlets frame poverty as personal failure rather than a structural issue.
- How a story is framed can matter as much as what facts are reported.
它比普通的 describe sth. as sth. 更有分析感，因为 frame 暗示“叙事框架”和“理解方式”。
语境复现
基础句：
- The report framed the issue as a public safety problem.
提升句：
- Some media outlets frame social inequality as a matter of individual effort rather than structural disadvantage.
应用句：
- In media coverage, facts rarely arrive without a frame: the same event can be framed as a crisis, a scandal, a warning sign, or a story of resilience, and each frame quietly tells the audience what to fear, what to blame, and what to ignore.
对应译文
- 这篇报道把这个问题描述成了公共安全问题。
- 一些媒体把社会不平等描述成个人努力问题，而不是结构性劣势问题。
- 在媒体报道中，事实很少是不带框架地抵达公众面前的：同一个事件可以被框定为危机、丑闻、警讯，也可以被讲成一个韧性的故事；而每一种框架都会悄悄告诉受众该害怕什么、该责怪什么、又该忽略什么。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- frame sth. as sth.
- be framed as sth.
- frame the debate as sth.
- frame the issue in terms of sth.
例如：
- The media framed the strike as a threat.
- The story was framed as a moral failure.
- The debate was framed as a choice between freedom and security.
- The issue was framed in terms of national identity.
常见形式：
- frame the issue as …
- frame the debate as …
- frame the story as …
- be framed as a crisis / threat / failure / success
- frame sth. in terms of race / class / security / identity
常见搭配对象：
- issue
- debate
- story
- protest
- policy
- crisis
- migration
- poverty
- inequality
- public anger
说明：
frame 在这里不是“相框”名词，而是动词，表示“给某事设定解释框架”。
被动形式很常见：
- The issue was framed as a crisis.
也可以用：
- frame sth. in terms of … 表示“从……角度来解释某事”。
这个表达特别适合分析媒体立场、报道角度和叙事偏向。
易错提醒
frame sth. as sth. 重点不是“报道事实”，而是“用某种角度解释事实”。
它常带分析意味，可以暗示报道并非完全中立。
正确结构是：
- √ frame the issue as a crisis
- √ be framed as a threat
- × frame the issue to a crisis
frame 常用于媒体、政治、广告和公共话语分析。
在媒体类写作里，它特别适合和：
- narrative
- public opinion
- headlines
- media bias
- political messaging 连用。
近义表达与区别
- present sth. as sth.
- portray sth. as sth.
- cast sth. as sth.
细微区别：
- frame sth. as sth. 最有媒体分析感，强调“设定理解框架”。
- present sth. as sth. 更中性，表示“呈现为……”。
- portray sth. as sth. 更强调“描绘、刻画”，常用于形象塑造。
- cast sth. as sth. 更书面，强调“把某人或某事安排成某种角色”。
更多仿写练习
请用 frame sth. as sth. 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 一些媒体把抗议活动描述成公共秩序威胁
- 广告常常把消费包装成自我表达
- 同一个社会问题可以被不同媒体用不同方式解释
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- Some media outlets frame …
- Advertisers often frame …
- The same issue can be …
- The debate was framed as …
查看参考答案
1. 一些媒体把抗议活动描述成公共秩序威胁
- Some media outlets frame protests as threats to public order.
- The newspaper framed the demonstration as a danger rather than a form of civic expression.
2. 广告常常把消费包装成自我表达
- Advertisers often frame consumption as self-expression.
- Modern marketing frames buying certain products as a way to express identity.
3. 同一个社会问题可以被不同媒体用不同方式解释
- The same social issue can be framed in very different ways by different media outlets.
- One outlet may frame the problem as personal failure, while another frames it as structural inequality.
3. feed into a narrative
一眼掌握
核心含义： 强化某种叙事；为某种说法提供素材；被纳入某种解释框架；使某种既有看法更有说服力
English definition： to support, strengthen, or become part of a particular way of explaining events
这个表达用来表示某个事件、细节、报道、说法或现象，被用来支持一种已经存在的解释框架或公共叙事。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The incident strengthened the belief that the government was incompetent.
- 升级表达： The incident fed into a wider narrative of government incompetence.
语境例句
Selective coverage of crime can feed into a narrative of fear and social disorder.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 feed into a narrative，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个表达用来表示某个事件、细节、报道、说法或现象，被用来支持一种已经存在的解释框架或公共叙事。
它的核心不是简单的“说明某事”，而是：
- 某种叙事已经存在
- 新事件被放进这个叙事里
- 它强化了人们原本的看法
- 它让某种解释听起来更合理、更有说服力
- 有时也可能加深偏见、刻板印象或舆论对立
在媒体类话题中，它特别适合写：
- incidents feeding into a narrative of social decline
- selective reporting feeding into stereotypes
- scandals feeding into a narrative of corruption
- crime stories feeding into public fear
- political events feeding into a wider narrative of distrust
比如：
- The incident fed into a wider narrative about government incompetence.
- Selective reporting can feed into existing stereotypes.
- A single dramatic event can feed into a narrative that the media has already begun to build.
它比普通的 support an idea 更有媒体分析感，因为 narrative 强调的是“讲故事的框架”和“解释现实的方式”。
语境复现
基础句：
- The scandal fed into a narrative of corruption.
提升句：
- Selective coverage of crime can feed into a narrative of fear and social disorder.
应用句：
- In modern media, a single event rarely stands alone; once it is reported, repeated, and framed, it can quickly feed into a wider narrative about decline, injustice, incompetence, or cultural conflict.
对应译文
- 这桩丑闻强化了关于腐败的叙事。
- 对犯罪事件的选择性报道，可能会强化一种关于恐惧和社会失序的叙事。
- 在现代媒体中，单个事件很少孤立存在；一旦它被报道、重复和框定，就可能迅速被纳入一种更大的叙事之中，比如衰落、不公、无能或文化冲突。
语法与搭配
常见结构：
- feed into a narrative
- feed into a wider narrative
- feed into an existing narrative
- feed into stereotypes / fears / suspicions
例如：
- The incident fed into a broader narrative of decline.
- The report fed into existing fears about migration.
- The scandal fed into a narrative that the system was broken.
- Selective images can feed into harmful stereotypes.
常见形式：
- feed into a narrative about sth.
- feed into a wider narrative of sth.
- feed into existing stereotypes
- feed into public fears
- feed into suspicion
常见搭配对象：
- narrative
- wider narrative
- stereotypes
- fears
- suspicion
- public anger
- distrust
- moral panic
- media framing
说明：
- feed into 在这里表示“为……提供燃料 / 加强……”，不是字面“喂进去”。
- narrative 不只是“故事”，在媒体和社会分析中常指“解释现实的叙事框架”。
- 常见搭配是：
- feed into a wider narrative
- feed into existing stereotypes
- 这个表达常用于分析媒体如何把单个事件纳入更大的社会解释中。
- 语气可以中性，也可以带批评意味，尤其当它与 stereotypes, fears, panic 搭配时。
易错提醒
feed into a narrative 强调“进入并强化某种叙事框架”，不是简单“讲故事”。
narrative 在媒体语境里常指“解释框架”，不一定是小说或故事。
正确结构是：
- √ feed into a narrative of decline
- √ feed into existing stereotypes
- √ feed into public fears
- × feed a narrative into decline
它常用于媒体分析、政治评论和社会舆论讨论。
在媒体类写作里，它特别适合和：
- selective reporting
- stereotypes
- public fear
- distrust
- media framing 连用。
近义表达与区别
- reinforce a narrative
- strengthen stereotypes
- play into a narrative
- support a wider story
细微区别：
- feed into a narrative 最自然，强调“某事件被纳入并强化某种叙事”。
- reinforce a narrative 更直接，强调“强化某种叙事”。
- strengthen stereotypes 更具体，强调“加深刻板印象”。
- play into a narrative 很接近，常带“无意中迎合某种叙事”的意味。
- support a wider story 更直白，但不如 feed into a narrative 有媒体分析感。
更多仿写练习
请用 feed into a narrative 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 这起事件强化了关于政府无能的叙事
- 选择性报道可能加深对某些群体的刻板印象
- 个别极端案例被反复报道后，会让公众误以为整个社会正在失序
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- The incident fed …
- Selective reporting can …
- Repeated coverage of extreme cases …
- The story quickly fed …
查看参考答案
- 这起事件强化了关于政府无能的叙事
- The incident fed into a narrative of government incompetence.
- The scandal quickly fed into a wider narrative that public institutions were failing.
- 选择性报道可能加深对某些群体的刻板印象
- Selective reporting can feed into existing stereotypes about certain groups.
- Media coverage that focuses only on negative examples may feed into harmful social stereotypes.
- 个别极端案例被反复报道后，会让公众误以为整个社会正在失序
- Repeated coverage of extreme cases can feed into a narrative of social disorder.
- When isolated incidents are reported again and again, they may feed into a wider narrative that society is falling apart.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 shape public opinion 写一个关于“媒体与社会”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 frame sth. as sth. 写一个关于“媒体与公共讨论”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 feed into a narrative 写一个关于“真实世界观察”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 shape public opinion 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 frame sth. as sth. 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 feed into a narrative 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“叙事、框架与舆论塑造”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。