073｜话语、判断与分析（3/5）
社会、文化与身份 · 话语、判断与分析 · 3 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. have a bearing on sth.
一眼掌握
核心含义： 与……有关；对……有影响；和……有关系；对……产生关联或作用
English definition： to have an influence on something or a relationship to something
这个短语用来表示某件事和另一件事之间存在关系，或者会对其产生影响。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： Diet is related to health.
- 升级表达： Diet has an important bearing on health.
语境例句
A child's housing stability has a bearing on attendance, concentration and ultimately educational attainment.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 have a bearing on sth.，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示某件事和另一件事之间存在关系，或者会对其产生影响。
它在社会文化类话题中尤其适合写：
- tradition having a bearing on modern life
- family background having a bearing on life chances
- media having a bearing on public opinion
- education having a bearing on social mobility
- cultural values having a bearing on everyday choices
比如：
- Social class still has a bearing on opportunity.
- Technology has a clear bearing on how people communicate.
- Old traditions may no longer have much bearing on urban life.
它比普通的 be related to 更书面，也更适合分析型写作。 而且它往往带一种“不是表面相关，而是会真正影响判断或结果”的感觉。
语境复现
- A child's housing stability has a bearing on attendance, concentration and ultimately educational attainment.
对应译文
- 儿童居住环境是否稳定，会影响出勤、专注力，并最终影响学业成就。
语法与搭配
这个短语通常用于以下结构：
have a bearing on + 名词 / 名词短语
例如：
- have a bearing on health
- have a bearing on public opinion
- have a bearing on social behavior
- have a bearing on people’s lives
常见形式：
- have a bearing on sth.
- have little / no bearing on sth.
- have a direct / significant bearing on sth.
- be relevant and have a bearing on sth.
常见搭配对象：
- health
- education
- society
- people’s lives
- decision-making
- public policy
- social mobility
- daily behavior
说明：
- 最常见形式是 have a bearing on sth.
- 很常见的变体是：
- have little bearing on
- have no bearing on
- have an important bearing on
- 它常用于分析“因素与结果之间的联系”。
易错提醒
- have a bearing on sth. 不只是“表面相关”，常带“对结果或判断有影响”的意味。
- 它比 have something to do with 更正式。
- 正确结构是：
- √ have a bearing on health
- √ have no bearing on modern life
- × have a bearing with health
- no bearing on 也是很常用的表达，表示“与……毫无关系”。
- 在社会文化写作里，它特别适合和：
- life
- values
- policy
- opportunity
- behavior
- health 连用。
近义表达与区别
- be related to sth.
- have something to do with sth.
- affect sth.
- be relevant to sth.
细微区别：
- have a bearing on sth. 最有分析感，强调“有关联并且会产生影响”。
- be related to sth. 最中性。
- have something to do with sth. 更口语。
- affect sth. 更直接，强调“影响”。
- be relevant to sth. 更强调“与主题有关、有现实意义”。
更多仿写练习
- 不看英文，根据中文译文恢复包含 have a bearing on sth. 的完整句子。
- 保留这个表达，把原句改写成与你熟悉的城市或行业有关。
- 再换到“教育与社会”以外的主题，写一个意思成立的新句子。
查看参考答案
第 1 题可与本页语境例句核对。第 2、3 题为开放答案；检查目标表达的结构是否完整、语气是否合适，并确认句子包含具体主体和清楚结果。
2. by / from all accounts
一眼掌握
核心含义： 根据各方面的说法；据普遍反映；从各种描述来看；大家都说
English definition： according to all of the different descriptions of something
这个短语用来表示一个判断并不是来自单一来源，而是来自多方说法、普遍印象或广泛一致的描述。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： People generally say the city is very attractive.
- 升级表达： By all accounts, the city is highly attractive.
语境例句
From all accounts, the community responded with remarkable solidarity during the crisis.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 by / from all accounts，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示一个判断并不是来自单一来源，而是来自多方说法、普遍印象或广泛一致的描述。
在社会文化类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a city by all accounts being welcoming or stressful
- a person from all accounts being generous or difficult
- an event by all accounts being successful
- a social trend by all accounts becoming stronger
比如：
- By all accounts, the city is lively but expensive.
- From all accounts, she was deeply respected in the community.
- By all accounts, the festival has become an important part of local identity.
它比简单的 people say 更凝练、更成熟，也更有“综合判断”的感觉。 其中：
- by all accounts 更常见
- from all accounts 也可用，但频率略低一些
语境复现
基础句：
- By all accounts, the town is a peaceful place to live.
提升句：
- From all accounts, the community responded with remarkable solidarity during the crisis.
应用句：
- By all accounts, modern urban life offers convenience, opportunity, and stimulation, yet the same accounts also reveal a quieter truth: many people who appear to thrive in the city are still searching for rest, belonging, and a slower rhythm beneath the surface of success.
对应译文
- 据各方面说法，这座小镇是个适合居住的安静地方。
- 根据各方面反映，这个社区在危机时期表现出了非凡的团结。
- 据普遍说法，现代都市生活提供了便利、机会和刺激；但这些说法同时也揭示了一个更安静的事实：许多表面上在城市中活得风生水起的人，内心仍在寻找休息、归属感和一种更缓慢的生活节奏。
语法与搭配
这个短语通常用于以下结构：
By all accounts, + 句子 From all accounts, + 句子
例如：
- By all accounts, the event was a success.
- From all accounts, he was well liked.
- By all accounts, the city has changed rapidly.
- From all accounts, the policy was unpopular.
常见形式：
- by all accounts
- from all accounts
- by all accounts, …
- from all accounts, …
常见搭配对象：
- cities
- people
- communities
- events
- social movements
- policies
- cultural changes
说明：
- 最常见用法是放在句首作状语。
- 它通常后接完整句子。
- 这个表达适合写“广泛印象”或“综合评价”。
易错提醒
- by all accounts 表示“根据多方说法”，不是“绝对事实”，而是“广泛评价”。
- 它通常放在句首最自然。
- 正确结构是：
- √ By all accounts, …
- √ From all accounts, …
- × By all account, …
- by all accounts 比 from all accounts 更常用。
- 在社会文化写作里，它特别适合写：
- 城市印象
- 人物口碑
- 社区评价
- 活动声誉
近义表达与区别
- according to many people
- it is widely believed that …
- reportedly
- in the eyes of many
细微区别：
- by all accounts 最强调“综合多方说法来看”。
- according to many people 更直白。
- it is widely believed that … 更偏“广泛相信”。
- reportedly 更偏新闻来源，不一定表示广泛共识。
- in the eyes of many 更强调“在许多人看来”的主观看法。
更多仿写练习
请用 by / from all accounts 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 据大家说，这座城市既有活力也有压力
- 根据各方面说法，这场活动很成功
- 普遍看来，这位人物在社区里很受尊敬
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- By all accounts, …
- From all accounts, …
- By all accounts, the city …
- From all accounts, she …
查看参考答案
- 据大家说，这座城市既有活力也有压力
- By all accounts, the city is both exciting and demanding.
- By all accounts, urban life offers energy, but also a great deal of pressure.
- 根据各方面说法，这场活动很成功
- From all accounts, the event was a great success.
- By all accounts, the festival drew strong support from the local community.
- 普遍看来，这位人物在社区里很受尊敬
- By all accounts, he was deeply respected in the community.
- From all accounts, she earned admiration for both her generosity and integrity.
3. in all probability / likelihood
一眼掌握
核心含义： 很可能；十有八九；多半；大概率会……
English definition： very probably
这个短语用来表示说话者根据已有情况做出一种相当有把握的判断： 不是百分之百确定，但已经非常接近“基本可以预见”。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The change will probably continue.
- 升级表达： In all probability, the change will continue.
语境例句
In all probability, many of the tensions shaping modern society—between speed and depth, freedom and control, convenience and meaning—will not disappear any time soon, because they are rooted not in temporary fashion but in the deeper structure of contemporary life itself.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 in all probability / likelihood，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示说话者根据已有情况做出一种相当有把握的判断： 不是百分之百确定，但已经非常接近“基本可以预见”。
在社会文化类话题中，它特别适合写：
- a policy will in all probability fail or succeed
- cities will in all likelihood keep expanding
- public habits will in all probability continue changing
- social media will in all likelihood shape future communication
- young people will in all probability face greater pressure in the future
比如：
- In all probability, city life will become even faster in the coming decades.
- In all likelihood, traditional media will continue losing influence.
- The trend will in all probability continue unless something changes.
它比普通的 probably 更正式，也更适合议论文和外刊式写法。
其中：
- in all probability 更常见一些
- in all likelihood 也很自然，语气相近，略带正式感
语境复现
基础句：
- In all probability, the trend will continue.
提升句：
- In all likelihood, younger generations will become even more dependent on digital forms of communication.
应用句：
- In all probability, many of the tensions shaping modern society—between speed and depth, freedom and control, convenience and meaning—will not disappear any time soon, because they are rooted not in temporary fashion but in the deeper structure of contemporary life itself.
对应译文
- 这个趋势很可能还会继续。
- 年轻一代十有八九会更加依赖数字化沟通方式。
- 现代社会中的许多核心张力——比如速度与深度、自由与控制、便利与意义之间的矛盾——大概率不会在短时间内消失，因为它们并不扎根于一时潮流，而是植根于当代生活本身更深层的结构之中。
语法与搭配
这个短语通常作状语使用：
In all probability, + 句子 In all likelihood, + 句子
例如：
- In all probability, prices will rise further.
- In all likelihood, the city will keep growing.
- He will in all probability refuse.
- The changes are in all likelihood irreversible.
常见形式：
- in all probability
- in all likelihood
- will in all probability …
- are in all likelihood …
常见搭配对象：
- social change
- public opinion
- urban growth
- technology
- future trends
- policy outcomes
- demographic shifts
说明：
- 它可以放在句首，也可以放在助动词后面。
- 它表示“高度可能”，但不是绝对确定。
- 这是很典型的书面和评论型表达。
易错提醒
- in all probability / likelihood 比 probably 更正式，更适合写作。
- 它表示“很可能”，但不是“绝对会”。
- 最自然的用法通常是句首：
- In all probability, …
- 也可以放在句中：
- will in all probability …
- 在社会文化写作里，它特别适合写：
- future trends
- policy consequences
- social developments
- long-term change
近义表达与区别
- most likely
- probably
- very likely
- almost certainly
细微区别：
- in all probability / likelihood 最正式，适合评论和趋势判断。
- most likely 也很常见，语气自然。
- probably 最通用。
- very likely 更直白。
- almost certainly 语气更强，接近“几乎肯定”。
更多仿写练习
请用 in all probability / likelihood 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 未来城市生活节奏大概率会更快
- 社交媒体很可能继续影响公众表达方式
- 如果没有改变，这种趋势十有八九会持续下去
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- In all probability, …
- In all likelihood, …
- This trend will …
- Without major change, …
查看参考答案
- 未来城市生活节奏大概率会更快
- In all probability, urban life will become even faster in the future.
- In all likelihood, the pace of city life will continue to accelerate.
- 社交媒体很可能继续影响公众表达方式
- In all probability, social media will continue to shape public expression.
- In all likelihood, digital platforms will remain powerful forces in social communication.
- 如果没有改变，这种趋势十有八九会持续下去
- Without major change, this trend will in all probability continue.
- In all likelihood, the pattern will persist unless stronger action is taken.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 have a bearing on sth. 写一个关于“教育与社会”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 by / from all accounts 写一个关于“文化与社会”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 in all probability / likelihood 写一个关于“文化与社会”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 have a bearing on sth. 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 by / from all accounts 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 in all probability / likelihood 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“话语、判断与分析”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。