060｜多样性、身份与结构（1/4）
社会、文化与身份 · 多样性、身份与结构 · 3 个表达
本课先理解语境，再完成主动回忆和仿写。标准学习时间约 15 分钟；忙碌时只做“一眼掌握”和本课小练习。
进度只保存在当前浏览器。复习时先回忆和重写，再展开讲解。
开始前，用 90 秒主动回忆
不要翻看上一课：写出上节课的一个表达，并尝试造句。想不起来也没关系，先检索记忆，再开始新内容。
1. from every walk of life / from all walks of life
一眼掌握
核心含义： 各行各业的人；社会各界人士；来自不同职业、阶层和背景的人
English definition： people who have many different jobs or positions in society
这个短语用来表示来自社会不同职业、阶层、身份或生活背景的人。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： The program helps many different kinds of people.
- 升级表达： The program helps people from all walks of life.
语境例句
In a healthy society, public spaces should remain open and welcoming to people from all walks of life, because real social understanding begins when individuals from different backgrounds are able to meet, speak, and coexist with mutual respect.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 from every walk of life / from all walks of life，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示来自社会不同职业、阶层、身份或生活背景的人。
它在社会类话题里非常好用，因为很多社会议题本身都强调“广泛参与”和“社会多样性”，比如：
- people from all walks of life joining a public event
- citizens from every walk of life being affected by a policy
- volunteers from all walks of life helping a community
- social media connecting people from different walks of life
它比简单的 many different people 更自然，也更有社会广度。 这个表达强调的不是“人很多”，而是“来源广、背景杂、覆盖社会多个层面”。
其中：
- from all walks of life 更常见
- from every walk of life 也对，但使用频率略低一些
语境复现
基础句：
- The event attracted people from all walks of life.
提升句：
- Social media allows people from all walks of life to share opinions on public issues.
应用句：
- In a healthy society, public spaces should remain open and welcoming to people from all walks of life, because real social understanding begins when individuals from different backgrounds are able to meet, speak, and coexist with mutual respect.
对应译文
- 这场活动吸引了各行各业的人参加。
- 社交媒体让社会各界人士都能就公共议题表达自己的看法。
- 在一个健康的社会中，公共空间应当始终向各界人士开放并保持包容，因为真正的社会理解，往往开始于不同背景的人能够彼此相遇、交流并在相互尊重中共处。
语法与搭配
这个短语通常用于以下结构：
people from all walks of lifepeople from every walk of life
例如：
- meet people from all walks of life
- attract visitors from all walks of life
- bring together people from every walk of life
- affect citizens from all walks of life
常见形式：
- from all walks of life
- from every walk of life
- people from all walks of life
- individuals from different walks of life（相关变体）
常见搭配动词：
- meet
- bring together
- attract
- unite
- represent
- affect
说明：
- 最常见搭配是 people from all walks of life。
- 这个表达通常用于复数语境。
- walk of life 在这里不是字面“走路”，而是“社会身份 / 职业 / 人生位置”。
易错提醒
- from all walks of life 强调“社会背景多样”，不只是“人数多”。
- 最自然的搭配通常是：
- people from all walks of life
- 不要误写成：
- × from all walk of life
- √ from all walks of life
- 这个表达很适合社会、公共、媒体、社区类话题。
- 如果只是泛泛说“不同背景的人”，people from different backgrounds 更直接；而 from all walks of life 更有地道的社会表达味道。
近义表达与区别
- people from different backgrounds
- people from different sectors of society
- a broad cross-section of society
- ordinary people and professionals alike
细微区别：
- from all walks of life 最自然，强调“社会各界人士”。
- people from different backgrounds 更宽泛，也更直接。
- a broad cross-section of society 更正式，偏书面和媒体表达。
- people from different sectors of society 更偏政策或社会分析语境。
- ordinary people and professionals alike 强调“普通人与专业人士都包括在内”。
更多仿写练习
请用 from every walk of life / from all walks of life 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 这个公益活动吸引了社会各界人士参加
- 这个问题影响到各行各业的人
- 一个包容的社会应该让不同背景的人都能被听见
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- The charity event attracted …
- This issue affects …
- An inclusive society should …
- Public discussion should include …
查看参考答案
- 这个公益活动吸引了社会各界人士参加
- The charity event attracted people from all walks of life.
- Volunteers from every walk of life took part in the community project.
- 这个问题影响到各行各业的人
- This issue affects people from all walks of life.
- Rising living costs have had an impact on citizens from every walk of life.
- 一个包容的社会应该让不同背景的人都能被听见
- An inclusive society should make sure that people from all walks of life are heard.
- Public discussion should include voices from every walk of life.
2. the common good
一眼掌握
核心含义： 共同利益；公众福祉；集体利益；对全体成员都有益的事物
English definition： the benefit of everyone
这个短语用来表示某件事不是为了某个个人、某个小群体，而是为了更广泛的社会整体利益。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： People should think about the interests of society as a whole.
- 升级表达： People should think about the common good.
语境例句
A healthy society depends on citizens who are willing to place the common good above short-term self-interest.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 the common good，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示某件事不是为了某个个人、某个小群体，而是为了更广泛的社会整体利益。
在社会文化类话题中，它特别适合写：
- public policy serving the common good
- citizens making sacrifices for the common good
- balancing personal freedom with the common good
- education, healthcare, or environmental protection as matters of the common good
比如：
- Good public transport serves the common good.
- People should sometimes limit personal convenience for the common good.
- Trust, fairness, and civic responsibility all matter because they protect the common good.
它比简单的 public interest 更有“道德和社会理念”色彩。 也就是说，the public interest 更偏政策和法律语言， 而 the common good 更像一种社会伦理和公共精神。
语境复现
基础句：
- Public policy should serve the common good.
提升句：
- A healthy society depends on citizens who are willing to place the common good above short-term self-interest.
应用句：
- One of the central questions in modern society is whether people still feel responsible for the common good, or whether public life is increasingly shaped by private gain, instant convenience, and the shrinking willingness to think beyond the self.
对应译文
- 公共政策应当服务于共同利益。
- 一个健康的社会，依赖于那些愿意把共同利益置于短期个人私利之上的公民。
- 现代社会最核心的问题之一在于：人们是否还愿意对共同利益负责任，还是说，公共生活正在越来越多地被私人获利、即时便利和一种不断缩小的“超越自我思考的意愿”所塑造。
语法与搭配
这个短语通常作为固定名词短语使用：
例如：
- work for the common good
- act in the common good
- protect the common good
- put the common good first
常见形式：
- the common good
- for the common good
- serve the common good
- promote the common good
- place the common good above sth.
常见搭配动词：
- serve
- protect
- promote
- advance
- work for
- act for
- sacrifice for
说明：
- 这是固定搭配，通常前面带 the。
- 很常见的高频结构是：
- for the common good
- serve the common good
- place self-interest before the common good
- 它常用于社会责任、公共治理、环境和道德讨论。
易错提醒
- the common good 不是“多数人的利益”，而是强调“整体社会共同受益”。
- 它通常用于较正式、较有公共伦理色彩的语境。
- 正确结构是：
- √ the common good
- √ for the common good
- × common goods（除非另有具体语境，一般不用复数）
- 它比 public interest 更有价值判断和道德意味。
- 在社会文化写作里，它特别适合拿来讨论：
- self-interest vs collective welfare
- civic duty
- public responsibility
- social trust
近义表达与区别
- the public interest
- the welfare of society
- the greater good
- collective well-being
细微区别：
- the common good 最有公共伦理和社会责任意味。
- the public interest 更偏政策、法律和治理语境。
- the greater good 更强调“为了更大的整体利益”，常带取舍意味。
- collective well-being 更现代，也更偏社会学或公共健康语境。
- the welfare of society 更直白，强调“社会整体福祉”。
更多仿写练习
请用 the common good 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 有时人们需要为了共同利益而放弃一点个人方便
- 一个好社会需要人们不仅考虑自己，也考虑整体福祉
- 如果人人都只顾自己的利益，共同利益就会受损
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- Sometimes people need to …
- A good society depends on …
- If everyone focuses only on …
- Public decisions should …
查看参考答案
- 有时人们需要为了共同利益而放弃一点个人方便
- Sometimes people need to give up a little personal convenience for the common good.
- In public life, small individual sacrifices are sometimes necessary for the common good.
- 一个好社会需要人们不仅考虑自己，也考虑整体福祉
- A good society depends on people who think beyond themselves and care about the common good.
- Social health requires citizens to consider not only personal interests but also the common good.
- 如果人人都只顾自己的利益，共同利益就会受损
- If everyone focuses only on self-interest, the common good will suffer.
- A society cannot protect the common good if private gain becomes the only value people recognize.
3. be shaped by sth.
一眼掌握
核心含义： 被……塑造；受……影响而形成；在……作用下逐渐成形；由……塑成今天的样子
English definition： to be influenced or formed by something
这个短语用来表示一个人、一种观念、一种社会现象，或者某种文化特征，并不是凭空形成的，而是在长期影响下，逐渐被某些因素塑造出来的。
普通表达 → 地道升级
- 普通表达： People are influenced by the culture around them.
- 升级表达： People are shaped by the culture around them.
语境例句
Our values are often shaped by the families and communities we grow up in.
主动回忆 · 先遮住英文，只看中文，尝试补出目标表达。
迁移输出 · 保留 be shaped by sth.，把主语换成你熟悉的工作、生活或社会议题，再口头说一句。
深入理解：用法、语法与易错点
用法说明
这个短语用来表示一个人、一种观念、一种社会现象，或者某种文化特征，并不是凭空形成的，而是在长期影响下，逐渐被某些因素塑造出来的。
它在社会文化类话题里特别重要，因为很多你想写的内容，本质上都不是孤立存在的，而是“被塑造”的结果。比如：
- people are shaped by family
- identity is shaped by culture
- attitudes are shaped by education
- cities are shaped by history
- public opinion is shaped by the media
- social values are shaped by economic change
这个表达比普通的 be influenced by 更强一点。be influenced by 只是“受到影响”， 而 be shaped by 更强调：
- 这种影响是长期的
- 这种影响具有结构性
- 它不只是碰了一下，而是真的参与了“形成过程”
所以它很适合写社会文化分析，因为它天然带一种“追问成因”的能力。
语境复现
基础句：
- People are shaped by their environment.
提升句：
- Our values are often shaped by the families and communities we grow up in.
应用句：
- In modern society, people like to imagine themselves as completely independent individuals, yet much of who they become is quietly shaped by forces they did not choose, such as family background, education, class, media, and the culture into which they were born.
对应译文
- 人会被自己所处的环境塑造。
- 我们的价值观往往是在成长过程中被家庭和社区慢慢塑造出来的。
- 在现代社会中，人们喜欢把自己想象成完全独立的个体；但事实上，一个人成为什么样的人，往往在很大程度上，是被那些自己并未主动选择的力量悄悄塑造出来的，比如家庭背景、教育、阶层、媒体以及他出生其中的文化环境。
语法与搭配
这个短语通常用于以下结构：
A + be 动词 + shaped by + B
例如：
- Identity is shaped by culture.
- Opinions are shaped by experience.
- Cities are shaped by history.
- Public attitudes are shaped by the media.
常见形式：
- be shaped by sth.
- be deeply shaped by sth.
- be largely shaped by sth.
- be strongly shaped by sth.
- have been shaped by sth.
常见搭配对象：
主语常见是：
- people
- identity
- personality
- values
- attitudes
- society
- culture
- cities
- communities
- public opinion
后面常接的“塑造力量”包括：
- family
- culture
- history
- education
- class
- religion
- technology
- the media
- personal experience
- economic conditions
说明：
- shape 在这里不是“形状”名词，而是动词，意思是“塑造、形成”。
- 它非常适合搭配抽象名词。
- 如果想加强语气，可以加：
- deeply
- strongly
- largely
- profoundly
例如：
- People are deeply shaped by childhood experience.
- Social values are largely shaped by historical conditions.
易错提醒
- be shaped by sth. 比 be influenced by sth. 更强调“形成过程”，不要简单理解成一次性的影响。
- 它通常适合较深层、较长期的影响，不太适合特别短期、瞬时的变化。
- 正确结构是：
- √ be shaped by culture
- √ be shaped by experience
- × be shaped from culture
- 它非常适合抽象分析，不只是写人，也可以写：
- society
- values
- identity
- public opinion
- cities
- 在社会文化写作中，这个表达特别适合拿来回答“为什么会这样”的问题，因为它天然带原因分析。
近义表达与区别
- be influenced by sth.
- be formed by sth.
- be rooted in sth.
- be moulded by sth.
细微区别：
- be shaped by sth. 最自然，也最适合社会文化分析，强调“长期塑造、逐渐形成”。
- be influenced by sth. 最通用，语气稍弱，只强调“受到影响”。
- be formed by sth. 和 be shaped by 接近，但语气略正式，偏“形成”。
- be rooted in sth. 更强调“根源扎在……里面”，适合写观念、问题、冲突的深层来源。
- be moulded by sth. 也有“塑造”之意，但更偏英式、书面，有一种“捏塑成形”的感觉。
更多仿写练习
请用 be shaped by sth. 写一句话，描述以下内容：
- 一个人的价值观常常受成长环境影响
- 现代年轻人的生活方式深受科技影响
- 一座城市的气质往往由历史和文化共同塑造
- 很多社会偏见其实是被长期的传统观念塑造出来的
仿写提示：可参考以下开头
- A person’s values are often …
- The lifestyles of young people today are …
- A city’s character is …
- Many social prejudices are …
查看参考答案
1. 一个人的价值观常常受成长环境影响
- A person’s values are often shaped by the environment in which they grow up.
- Our moral outlook is deeply shaped by family life and early experience.
2. 现代年轻人的生活方式深受科技影响
- The lifestyles of young people today are strongly shaped by technology.
- Modern youth culture has been largely shaped by digital communication.
3. 一座城市的气质往往由历史和文化共同塑造
- A city’s character is often shaped by both history and culture.
- Urban identity is deeply shaped by the memory, architecture, and traditions of a place.
4. 很多社会偏见其实是被长期的传统观念塑造出来的
- Many social prejudices are shaped by long-standing traditional beliefs.
- Public attitudes are often shaped by inherited ideas that people rarely question.
本课小练习
先独立完成，不要立即查看参考答案。
- 使用 from every walk of life / from all walks of life 写一个关于“城市与住房”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 the common good 写一个关于“健康与医疗”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
- 使用 be shaped by sth. 写一个关于“真实世界观察”的句子；随后换到另一个主题，再写一句。
小练习参考
- 开放答案。检查 from every walk of life / from all walks of life 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 the common good 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
- 开放答案。检查 be shaped by sth. 的结构是否完整、语境是否自然，并比较两次迁移后表达的核心含义是否保持不变。
迁移写作
围绕“多样性、身份与结构”，选择一个与你的工作、学习或社会观察有关的具体问题，写一段 80—120 词的英文。至少自然地使用本课两个表达。
写完后检查：
- 表达的含义是否准确；
- 搭配和语法是否完整；
- 正式程度是否符合语境；
- 句子之间是否形成清楚的逻辑关系。
结束本课
回到页面顶部标记“完成初学”。之后按照第 1、3、7、21 天的节奏复习。复习时优先回忆和重写，不要先重读讲解。