---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/49-through-the-tunnel.md
description: 新概念英语第四册：Through the Tunnel。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 拓展 · 潜过隧道

### 第1段

He put on his goggles, fitted them tight, tested the vacuum. His hands were shaking. Then he chose the biggest stone he could carry and slipped over the edge of the rock until half of him was in the cool, enclosing water and half in the hot sun. He looked up once at the empty sky, filled his lungs once, twice, and then sank fast to the bottom with the stone. He let it go and began to count. He took the edges of the hole in his hands and drew himself into it, wriggling his shoulders in sideways as he remembered he must, kicking himself along with his feet.
Soon he was clear inside. He was in a small rock-bound hole filled with yellowish-gray water. The water was pushing him up against the roof. The roof was sharp and pained his back. He pulled himself along with his hands —fast, fast— and used his legs as levers. His head knocked against something; a sharp pain dizzied him. Fifty, fifty-one, fifty-two… He was without light, and the water seemed to press upon him with the weight of rock. Seventy-one, seventy-two… There was no strain on his lungs. He felt like an inflated balloon, his lungs were so light and easy, but his head was pulsing.
He was being continually pressed against the sharp roof, which felt slimy as well as sharp. Again he thought of octopuses, and wondered if the tunnel might be filled with weed that could tangle him. He gave himself a panicky, convulsive kick forward, ducked his head, and swam. His feet and hands moved freely, as if in open water. The hole must have widened out. He thought he must be swimming fast, and he was frightened of banging his head if the tunnel narrowed.
A hundred, a hundred and one… The water paled. Victory filled him. His lungs were beginning to hurt. A few more strokes and he would be out. He was counting wildly; he said a hundred and fifteen and then, a long time later, a hundred and fifteen again. The water was a clear jewel-green all around him. Then he saw, above his head, a crack running up through the rock. Sunlight was falling through it, showing the clean dark rock of the tunnel, a single mussel shell, and darkness ahead.
He was at the end of what he could do. He looked up at the crack as if it were filled with air and not water, as if he could put his mouth to it to draw in air. A hundred and fifteen, he heard himself say inside his head — but he had said that long ago. He must go on into the blackness ahead, or he would drown. His head was swelling, his lungs cracking. A hundred and fifteen, a hundred and fifteen pounded through his head, and he feebly clutched at rocks in the dark, pulling himself forward, leaving the brief space of sunlit water behind. He felt he was dying. He was no longer quite conscious. He struggled on in the darkness between lapses into unconsciousness. An immense, swelling pain filled his head, and then the darkness cracked with an explosion of green light. His hands, groping forward, met nothing; and his feet, kicking back, propelled him out into the open sea.

中文理解：他戴上泳镜，扣紧，试了试是否吸牢。双手在发抖。他挑了一块自己搬得动的最大石头，沿着礁石边缘滑下去，直到半个身子浸在清凉、包裹着他的水中，另一半还晒着炽热的太阳。他抬头望了一眼空荡荡的天空，深吸一口气，又吸了一口，便抱着石头迅速沉到水底。他松开石头，开始数数。双手抓住洞口边缘，把身子拉进去；他记得必须侧着肩膀钻，于是一边扭动肩膀，一边用脚蹬着向前。
很快，他整个人都进去了。这是一个四面围着岩石、灌满黄灰色海水的狭小洞穴。水把他向上推，抵住洞顶，锋利的石头硌得他背疼。他用双手拉着身体向前——快，快——又用双腿撑着使劲。头碰上了什么，一阵剧痛让他发晕。五十，五十一，五十二……四周没有一丝光，海水仿佛像岩石一样沉重，压在他身上。七十一，七十二……肺部倒还不吃力。他觉得自己像一个充了气的气球，肺里又轻又松，可头却一阵阵地跳痛。
他不断被水推向尖锐的洞顶，那里摸起来又滑又利。他又想起了章鱼，担心通道里会不会长满海草，把自己缠住。他惊慌地猛蹬一下，低下头向前游。手脚活动自如，像是在开阔水域里一样。洞穴一定变宽了。他觉得自己游得肯定很快，又害怕通道一旦变窄，头就会撞上去。
一百，一百零一……水色变浅了，他满心以为胜利在望。肺部开始疼痛。再划几下就能出去了。他慌乱地数着，数到一百一十五，隔了很久，又数了一次一百一十五。周围的海水清澈碧绿，像宝石一样。接着，他看见头顶岩石上有一道向上延伸的裂缝。阳光从缝隙里洒下来，照出通道中干净的深色岩石、一只孤零零的贻贝壳，以及前方的黑暗。
他已到了极限。他仰望那道裂缝，仿佛里面盛着的不是水，而是空气，仿佛只要把嘴凑过去，就能吸到气。一百一十五，他听见自己在脑中数着——可他很久以前就已经数到这里了。他必须继续钻进前方的黑暗，否则就会淹死。他头胀欲裂，肺也像要裂开。“一百一十五，一百一十五”在脑中反复敲响。他虚弱地摸索着抓住黑暗中的岩石，把自己往前拉，将那一小片有阳光的水域留在身后。他觉得自己快死了，意识也不再清楚。他在一次次短暂失去知觉的间隙，仍挣扎着向黑暗前进。剧烈的胀痛充满了头部，随后，一片骤然迸开的绿光冲破黑暗。他向前摸索的双手忽然扑了个空；双脚向后一蹬，便把他送进了开阔的海中。

* **put on his goggles**：戴上泳镜；undefined

* **fitted them tight**：把它们扣紧；undefined

* **slipped over the edge**：沿边缘滑下；介词说明具体路径，不能只背一个滑。

* **filled his lungs**：深吸气使肺充满；说明吸气，不能当作安全潜水训练指令。

* **let it go**：松开它；undefined

* **drew himself into**：把自己拉进；reflexive说明动作作用于自身，into给终点。

* **wriggling his shoulders**：扭动肩膀；undefined

* **a small rock-bound hole**：岩石围成的狭小洞穴；undefined

* **pushing him up**：把他往上推；undefined

* **used his legs as levers**：把腿作支撑使力；undefined

* **a sharp pain**：一阵剧痛；sharp可形容疼痛尖锐，不是伤口一定有尖物。

* **press upon him**：压迫着他；undefined

* **no strain on**：没有使……吃力；strain可说身体负荷或资源压力，文中是否定。

* **an inflated balloon**：充气的气球；undefined

* **was being continually pressed**：不断被压向；过去进行时的被动，突出人物当时持续受到挤压；不是已完成的一次动作。

* **ducked his head**：低下头；duck作动词指快速低头避让，不是名词鸭子。

* **as if**：仿佛；好像；是否用过去形式要看真实程度和时间，不是一律虚拟。

* **must have widened**：一定已经变宽了；人物根据身体能活动作过去推断，表达他认为一定已经发生的变化。

* **frightened of**：害怕；of后接所怕的事，不是造成害怕的施事。

* **Victory filled him**：满心以为胜利在望；undefined

* **A few more strokes**：再划几下；undefined

* **a crack running up**：一道向上延伸的裂缝；undefined

* **at the end of what he could do**：到了能力极限；undefined

* **draw in air**：吸入空气；draw可指吸气，不是画出空气。

* **head was swelling**：头在胀痛；undefined

* **clutched at**：伸手抓住；at突出抓取目标，常带急切或不稳的感觉。

* **in the darkness**：在黑暗中；具体环境中的黑暗常带the；也可说in darkness。

* **propelled him out**：把他推动出去；推进力与方向要同时交代。

#### He put on his goggles, fitted them tight, tested the vacuum.

并列句，主谓宾结构，后两句省略了主语 he. 翻译的理解跟原文有些不一样，原文的状态可能是系牢了以后，把头放水中，看看是否漏气.

#### His hands were shaking.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### Then he chose the biggest stone he could carry and slipped over the edge of the rock until half of him was in the cool, enclosing water and half in the hot sun.

复合句，主句为两个主谓宾结构的并列句，until 引导的时间状语从句为主系表结构，其中 and 后面的主系表结构省略了系动词 was.

\[1] 本短篇小说中文全文译本可参见 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/103848926

#### He looked up once at the empty sky, filled his lungs once, twice, and then sank fast to the bottom with the stone.

并列句，前两句为主谓宾结构，最后 and 连接的句子为主谓结构，to，这里 fast 修饰谓语动词 sink，所以 fast 作副词解，快速地下沉.

#### He let it go and began to count.

并列句，前句主谓宾+宾补结构，and 后句为省略了主语的主谓结构.

#### He took the edges of the hole in his hands and drew himself into it, wriggling his shoulders in sideways as he remembered he must, kicking himself along with his feet.

复合句，主句为 and 连接的两个句子，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓宾+宾补结构，但是省略了主语.

后面 wriggling…sideways 和 kicking…feet 短语为伴随状语，其中 as he remembered he must 为 as 引导的方式状语从句，为主谓+宾语从句结构，he must 即为宾语从句，该从句省略了 that.

译者在这里打散了原文的表达，重新予以了组织，文学翻译更像是再创作.

#### Soon he was clear inside.

简单句，主系表结构，此处翻译似乎有误，表语应为 clear，而非 inside，意思是主人公在洞里面看清楚了，很明白自己的处境，he was clear about the situation. 所以下一 句描述其所处的洞中是什么情况. 改译：他在洞中很快就看清楚了.

#### He was in a small rock-bound hole filled with yellowish-gray water.

简单句，主系表结构. 后面是过去分词短语作定语修饰 hole.

#### The water was pushing him up against the roof.

简单句，主谓宾+宾补结构.

#### The roof was sharp and pained his back.

并列句，以 and 分为前后两句，前句为主系表结构，后句为省略了主语的主谓宾结构. 原文是洞顶很坚硬，刺痛了背，翻译做了理解，洞顶上坚硬的也是石块，所以在处理上，跟上一句一起来翻译.

#### He pulled himself along with his hands —fast, fast— and used his legs as levers.

并列句，以 and 分为前后两句，前句主谓宾结构，后句为省略了主语的主谓宾+宾补结构，两个 fast 为插入语.

#### His head knocked against something; a sharp pain dizzied him.

并列句，以分号相连，两句均为简单句，均为主谓宾结构. dizzied 是 dizzy 的过去分词，dizzy 在这里作动词解，常用作形容词.

#### Fifty, fifty-one, fifty-two… He was without light, and the water seemed to press upon him with the weight of rock.

并列句，以 and 分为前后两句，前句为主系表结构，后句为主谓宾结构. 这里原文表达的意思是，海水以岩石的重量压迫着主人公.

#### Seventy-one, seventy-two… There was no strain on his lungs.

there be 句型，主人公一直在憋气，憋到了70 多下，肺部仍未感到压力，翻译写为气闷，非常精准.

#### He felt like an inflated balloon, his lungs were so light and easy, but his head was pulsing.

并列句，前两句为主系表结构，后一句为主谓结构，用的过去进行时. 首句 feel like 在这里 like 的用法可以理解为介词，后面接名词词性；口语中 like 也可以看作连词，此时 feel like 为 as if 和 as though 之意，在北美英语中常见，英式英语的正式写作中常优先选择 as if 或 as though，但 like 引导从句在非正式语体也可出现，不能简单定为错误用法.

#### He was being continually pressed against the sharp roof, which felt slimy as well as sharp.

复合句，主句主谓结构，带有一个 against 的介词短语作状语，后跟一个 which 引导的定语从句，修饰 roof，说明该 roof 的情况为何，为主系表结构.

#### Again he thought of octopuses, and wondered if the tunnel might be filled with weed that could tangle him.

并列复合句，以 and 分为前后两句，前句为简单句，主谓宾结构，后句为省略了主语的主谓+宾语从句结构，if 引导的宾语从句为主谓宾结构，该宾语从句中还包含一个 that 引导的定语从句修饰 weed，定语从句为主谓宾结构.

#### He gave himself a panicky, convulsive kick forward, ducked his head, and swam.

并列句，三个主谓宾结构的句子并列，首句为双宾语结构，直接宾语为 a kick，间接宾语为 himself，后两句则省略了主语 he. 单词 convulsive 在出现过，而 duck 为动词，取躲闪之意.

译文中将 panicky, convulsive 两词分成了前后两句来处理，原文的字面意思为带着恐惧而抽搐地一蹬，躲闪着头，向前游去. 这里描述的是人在恐惧中突然而痉挛似地向前蹬腿；原文没有说他必须慢慢蹬，也不能把这一段文学描写变成潜水操作建议。

#### His feet and hands moved freely, as if in open water.

简单句，主谓结构. 这里 open water 应指开阔的海面，也就是主人公本身不钻隧道的话，在海上游泳的感觉.

#### The hole must have widened out.

简单句，主谓结构. 译文将此句放在了段末.

#### He thought he must be swimming fast, and he was frightened of banging his head if the tunnel narrowed.

并列复合句，本句以 and 连接，前句为主谓+宾语从句结构，thought 后面为省略了 that 的宾语从句，这里 he must be swimming 是“must + be doing”，表示根据当时情形推测他正在进行的动作，并非用进行时本身表达紧迫性，若换成 he must swim \[fast]，更容易理解为“他必须游快一点”的义务或要求，与对正在进行的动作作推测不同。 此外，be swimming in sth.则是另一个习惯表达，意味着某个东西很多，比如 The company is swimming \[in cash]. 公司现金非常充裕. and 后句则为主谓宾结构+一个 if 引导的条件状语从句，该从句为主谓结构.

#### A hundred, a hundred and one… The water paled.

简单句，主谓结构.

#### Victory filled him.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

#### His lungs were beginning to hurt.

简单句，主谓宾结构，动词不定式作宾语.

#### A few more strokes and he would be out.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### He was counting wildly; he said a hundred and fifteen and then, a long time later, a hundred and fifteen again.

并列句，以分号相连，前句主谓结构，后句主谓宾结构，这里是又数了一次115.

#### The water was a clear jewel-green all around him.

简单句，主系表结构，表语就是一种颜色，翻译中将 jewel 处理为宝石一般的后置定语，非常巧妙. all around him 为介词短语作后置定语.

#### Then he saw, above his head, a crack running up through the rock.

简单句，主系表结构，后面是现在分词短语作后置定语.

#### Sunlight was falling through it, showing the clean dark rock of the tunnel, a single mussel shell, and darkness ahead.

简单句，主谓宾结构，it 指上句的 crack，缝隙. 后面是伴随状语，mussel 即青口. 从句的 ahead 可知，此句的 ahead 亦是指洞口，光亮照进来，周边仍是黑暗，而非指洞的深处.

#### He was at the end of what he could do.

简单句，主系表结构. 后面 of 引导的定语中，what 引导的从句作介词 of 的宾语，属于成分中的细分，what he could do 是融合关系从句，作 of 的宾语；what 在从句中作 do 的宾语，其后 he could do 仍是正常陈述语序，不属于主谓倒装.

#### He looked up at the crack as if it were filled with air and not water, as if he could put his mouth to it to draw in air.

复合句，主句主谓结构，at 引导介词短语作状语，后跟两个 as if 引导的方式状语 从句，常用虚拟语气，两句均为主谓宾结构，第二句跟了两个状语，分别表对象和目的.

#### A hundred and fifteen, he heard himself say inside his head — but he had said that long ago.

并列句，以 but 连接，首句为主谓宾+宾补结构，句首的115 其实是补语 say 的宾语；后句则是主谓宾结构. 这里 that 是代词作宾语，并非引导宾语从句那种引导词.

#### He must go on into the blackness ahead, or he would drown.

并列句，两句均为主谓结构.

#### His head was swelling, his lungs cracking.

并列句，两句均为主系表结构，因后句省略了系动词 were，所以后句不算完整的句子，可以用逗号，否则要么在逗号后面加 and，要么将逗号改为分号. 本句的翻译在顺序上有所调整.

#### A hundred and fifteen, a hundred and fifteen pounded through his head, and he feebly clutched at rocks in the dark, pulling himself forward, leaving the brief space of sunlit water behind.

并列句，and 连接，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓结构. 后句后面跟了两个分词短语作伴随状语.

#### He felt he was dying.

复合句，主句主系+表语从句结构，从句则为主谓结构.

#### He was no longer quite conscious.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### He struggled on in the darkness between lapses into unconsciousness.

简单句，主谓结构.

#### An immense, swelling pain filled his head, and then the darkness cracked with an explosion of green light.

并列句，两句均为主谓（宾）结构.

#### His hands, groping forward, met nothing; and his feet, kicking back, propelled him out into the open sea.

并列句，以分号相连，前句为主谓宾结构，后句为主谓宾+宾补结构. 两个分词短语均作后置定语.

## 学完这一课

描述一个动作到什么状态为止，保留空间两端。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第235—241页，2022年2月第2版。*