---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/47-the-great-escape.md
description: 新概念英语第四册：The Great Escape。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 47 · 大逃亡

### 第1段

Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels. But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest. The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley. More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.
That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all. It also provides— and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon—an escape of another kind. The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them. Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid. Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maître d'hôtel.
From all such fears camping releases him. Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with. There is no superior "they" in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.
To such motives, yet another must be added. The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least
by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails. To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.
From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand. Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement are there, outside—or, as likely, part of—the tent.
Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited. Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand. The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place. Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively. Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan. Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage. Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting "our camping friends" to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch. At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic. The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.
Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say. Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom. Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls. But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside. Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.

中文理解：省钱是促使人们露营的一个重要原因，因为最初购置或租用装备之后，总花费可能比住旅馆低得多。不过，与普遍的看法相反，省钱远不是唯一的原因，甚至未必是最主要的原因。在欧洲众多固定营地中的某一处，一个人若漫不经心地把车开进自己花二十英镑租来的位置，可能就会撞上一辆宾利。更常见的情形是，福特雅士与雷诺或奔驰车轮挨着车轮停在一起，旁边却很少见到双人自行车。
现代露营装备一年比一年精良：在爱挖苦的人看来，这是一种有趣的矛盾；在满怀期待、发誓要摆脱一切烦扰的旅行者看来，却是更美好的希望。露营还提供了另一种逃避——也许有社会学学生愿意以这个现象为题写篇论文。现代旅行者往往不喜欢“斯普兰迪德”“贝拉维斯塔”这类豪华酒店，并非住不起，也不是不愿享受其中的物质舒适，而是对它们感到畏惧。他或许很富裕，却完全拿不准该给门童或客房女服务员多少小费。在自己家里，他说了算；面对酒店领班，却连什么时候可以开口表示不满都不清楚。
露营使他摆脱了这一切顾虑。诚然，露营圈里也已有凭装备和技术分高下的势利风气，但即使遇上，他也容易理解和应付。这里没有以管理人员和酒店等级制度为代表、居高临下的“他们”，来给他的假期蒙上阴影。
除了这些动机，还得再加上一条。
如今人们对汽车的崇拜，很大程度上可以用拥有汽车所带来的独立感和自由感来解释。露营又让这种乐趣变得更加美妙。
从自家门口出发，到国内或国外的山地、海滩，再一路回家，一切所需都在手边。你不仅完全掌握着前往度假天堂的交通工具；万一海滩过于拥挤、当地天气过于恶劣，想逃离这个度假地狱时，交通工具也就在帐篷外——或者，更可能的是，它本来就是帐篷的一部分。
理想主义者反对露营，也反对包办式旅游，理由是出国旅行的人这样一来，便失去了了解当地人的机会。他们认为，眼界狭隘和自给自足总是相伴而生。不过，只要体验过欧洲大陆一处热门营地，这种看法就站不住脚了。度假酒店往往主要接待某一个国家的游客，有时甚至只接待这个国家的人。营地却相反，游客来自世界各地。诚然，德国游客占多数，似乎是大部分地中海营地的共同特点，但还没有哪一处被某一国游客压倒性地包下来。禁止露天晾衣、禁止在取水点洗车的告示，以及邀请“露营朋友”参加舞会或乘船游览的通知，不仅印有法语、意大利语或西班牙语，也印有英语、德语和荷兰语。开饭时，酸菜与大蒜的气味争相飘来；法国人的早餐咖啡，也与英国人的培根煎蛋各不相让。
有组织的露营活动迅速发展，会不会最终使更独立的露营方式消失，还很难说。市政当局当然想收取露营场地费，也希望露营者带来其他生意。对于那些既不住在认可营地、又没有固定住所可查的流动者，警察总会保持戒心。不过，事情最可能还是取决于露营者自己：他们引起多少场荒野火灾，留下多少垃圾；总之，是否让土地所有者和乡村居民彻底厌恶。只有保持良好的野外活动素养，才有可能保住那份自由——它是每一个童心未泯的野营爱好者所珍爱的。

* **initial outlay**：最初支出；outlay强调开始投入，不是所有后续成本。

* **contrary to**：与……相反；引出要纠正的看法，不是任意转场。

* **far from being**：远不是；否定程度很强，不是距离很远。

* **permanent sites**：固定营地；undefined

* **an entertaining paradox**：有趣的矛盾；undefined

* **get away from it all**：远离一切烦扰；常说度假放松，不是永久与社会隔绝。

* **base his thesis upon**：把论文建立在……之上；明确依据对象，不能只有结论。

* **material comforts**：物质享受；undefined

* **by no means**：绝不；一点也不；语气强于 not，放句首时可能引发倒装。

* **what to tip**：给多少小费；把一个待决定的问题压缩成短语；what to tip在这里问给多少小费，可与how much to tip对照。

* **has little idea**：不太清楚；little保留知之甚少，不等于非常清楚。

* **readily understand**：很容易理解；undefined

* **deal with**：处理；应对；说明负责处理的事情，不要逐词译成交易。

* **in the shape of**：以……的形式；既可说形状，也可比喻呈现形式。

* **sense of independence**：独立感；sense说明主观感受，不自动等于现实完全自主。

* **to hand**：在手边；随手可取；英式 to hand 强调可随手拿到，与 to hand something over 不同。

* **within one's own command**：完全在自己掌握中；undefined

* **go hand in hand**：相伴而生；同时出现不自动证明单向因果。

* **cater for**：满足……的需要；除餐饮外也可说服务迎合需求。

* **highly cosmopolitan**：高度国际化；undefined

* **as yet**：到目前为止还；常用于否定，说明截至作者参照时刻的状态。

* **vies with**：与……争相媲美；for引出争取对象，with引出对手。

* **is hard to say**：很难说；表达判断暂未明确，不是回避给任何理由。

* **are wary of**：对……保持戒心；不同于weary疲倦，注意字形。

* **in short**：简言之；总结前文，不宜在后面突然添加完全新理由。

* **preserve the freedoms**：保住这些自由；强调使现有权利继续，不是获得一切想要的事。

#### Economy is one powerful motive for camping, since after the initial outlay upon equipment, or through hiring it, the total expense can be far less than the cost of hotels.

并列复合句，以 or 分为前后两句，前句主句为主系表结构，跟一个 since 引导的原因状语从句，后句为主系表结构，than 引导了一个比较状语，并非从句.

initial outlay 在公司理财中，指初始投资，这个概念在这里蛮合适的，初始投资了一笔钱购买露营装备，后面就省钱了.

#### But, contrary to a popular assumption, it is far from being the only one, or even the greatest.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### The man who manoeuvres carelessly into his twenty pounds' worth of space at one of Europe's myriad permanent sites may find himself bumping a Bentley.

复合句，主句为主谓宾+宾补结构，有一个 who 引导的定语从句修饰主语 the man，为主谓宾结构. 句中 Bentley 为宾利，2002 年进入中国大陆，教材在出版时，该车尚未有中文名. 本句的翻译经过推敲，予以修改，此处 bump a Bentley 应译为撞到了宾利汽车，这样才在区区20 英镑的车位处迸发出强烈对比效果，manoeuvre into the parking space，是指把车驶入停车位置；carelessly 表示不留神、漫不经心，不能译成“熟练地”.

#### More likely, Ford Escort will be hub to hub with Renault or Mercedes, but rarely with bicycles made for two.

简单句，主系表结构. 这里的 hub to hub 的用法，是作者独创的，也只能用在这个场合，因为 hub 指车的轮毂，hub to hub 即这台车的轮毂跟另一台车的轮毂并列，指两车对齐停放，或者并驾齐驱，名词 to 名词，类似的用法有 heart to heart，所以该句的这个表达使用范围有限.

本段主要是针对露营的偏见进行反驳，并非只是经济实惠这一个因素，开宾利、雷诺和奔驰的有钱人照样露营. 因旧版新概念4 的文章中，句，新版用 car worship 换掉了旧版的 motor-car worship，所以对于句中出现的双人单车就很好理解了.

#### That the equipment of modern camping becomes yearly more sophisticated is an entertaining paradox for the cynic, a brighter promise for the hopeful traveler who has sworn to get away from it all.

并列复合句，本句逗号后面 a brighter promise 在结构上是并列的第二个表语，即 That is an entertaining paradox, and that is a brighter promise，句首的 that 引导的主语从句作主语，该从句为主系表结构，然后全句也是主系表结构. 这里后面两个并列表语可以看作是互相对比，教材在翻译时没有读懂，直接按字面意思翻译了出来.

the cynic 和 hopeful traveler，是相互对立的两派. the cynic 悲观者、怀疑者、反对者、说怪话的愤世嫉俗者，在文章中的意思是对 camping 持批评态度的人，但结果却是露营装备越来越高级，跟他们的反对言论和悲观预测恰恰相反，这是一个矛盾 paradox，说明 the cynic 的论点站不住脚了，而且这种事与愿违是很有娱乐性的，我们在翻译中把意思补充完整. 对于 hopeful traveler 来说，装备越来越好，露营就更有吸引力，前景更美好，这里明显是对比. 上一版本的翻译有误. \[此段根据知乎@yang 的评论内容稍作修改而成，感谢其指出20210811]

get away from it all 为固定表达，To escape one's everyday life and problems, typically by taking a vacation.

#### It also provides— and some student sociologist might care to base his thesis upon the phenomenon—an escape of another kind.

简单句，主谓宾结构，只不过中间有破折号加入的插入语，把插入语删除的话，也不会影响本句的原意. 这里教材的翻译明显错误，此处对于另一种情况的逃离，应根据上下文进行理解. 句中的 it 指上文的主语从句所说露营装备逐年精良，而结合下文所说的一部分思想前卫的旅游者，他们不喜欢大酒店，不是因为经济原因，这种从酒店中逃离出来选择露营，值得社会学专业的学生以此现象来写篇论文好好研究一下. 也正是因为装备精良了才会从酒店逃离到露营上来，否则对住宿有品质要求的逃离酒店一族，可能会适应不了以往简陋的露营条件.

#### The modern traveller is often a man who dislikes the Splendide and the Bellavista, not because he cannot afford, or shuns their material comforts, but because he is afraid of them.

复合句，主句为主系表结构，后面一个 who 引导的定语从句修饰表语 a man，最后是两个并列的 because 引导的原因状语从句，主谓（宾）结构，作解释说明.

本句对大酒店的逃离，在翻译中需要跟上一句放在一起，否则会让人不好理解.

#### Affluent he may be, but he is by no means sure what to tip the doorman or the chambermaid.

复合句，句首为让步状语从句，为倒装结构主系表结构，省略了 however.

疑问词+动词不定式短语作 sure 的宾语，这里的 what 包括和 how 和 how much 两个维度.

#### Master in his own house, he has little idea of when to say boo to a maître d'hôtel.

\[1] Farlex Dictionary of Idioms. © 2015 Farlex, Inc, all rights reserved. \[2] 如何付小费，以及付多少小费，旅游网站还真是当一个严肃的事情予以指导. https://www.tripsavvy.com/how-to-tip-a-hotel-maid-1895672 https://www.elledecor.com/life-culture/travel/a15886286/how-much-to-tip-hotel-maid/

简单句，he has little idea…是主句，Master in his own house 是省略式的让步或对比背景，意为“在自己家里虽是主人”。后文写他到了酒店反而拿不准如何与领班打交道，形成自家熟悉环境与酒店陌生规则的反差；不需要把 his own house 强行解释成所租的客房。

maître d’hôtel 虽然在法语词源上含有“house”的意思，在英语酒店语境中通常指领班或餐厅主管。词源相同不能证明前面的 his own house 就指酒店；词义判断仍应以各自的句法位置与上下文为准。

#### From all such fears camping releases him.

简单句，不过状语提前了，句子结构中予以了还原. 本段中的 him, he, his 都是跟着上段逃离酒店选择露营的旅行者而言的.

#### Granted, a snobbery of camping itself, based upon equipment and techniques, already exists; but it is of a kind that, if he meets it, he can readily understand and deal with.

并列复合句，以分号分为前后两句，前句为主谓结构，后句为主系表结构，跟一个定语从句修饰 a kind，讲清楚到底是哪种，主谓宾结构.

#### There is no superior "they" in the shape of managements and hotel hierarchies to darken his holiday days.

there be 句型，这里的人上人也就是酒店里面的管理层和酒店的等级制度，比如高级经理这类人.

#### To such motives, yet another must be added.

简单句，主谓结构. 前文主要围绕经济实惠这个动机进行了论述，牵引出除了省钱，还能逃离酒店，接下来则是从汽车露营文化的动机来继续论述.

#### The contemporary phenomenon of car worship is to be explained not least

by the sense of independence and freedom that ownership entails.

简单句，主系表结构，后面有一个 that 引导的定语从句修饰 the sense of independence and freedom，为主谓宾结构. not least 用于强调.

#### To this pleasure camping gives an exquisite refinement.

简单句，主谓宾结构，句首的状语放在句末则为正常语序，提前是强调这种快乐.

#### From one's own front door to home or foreign hills or sands and back again, everything is to hand.

简单句，主系表结构. 句首的状语中，home and foreign 为两个形容词一起作定语修饰 hills，我对这个画了括号，予以细分，以免理解错了，而 hills 和 sands 并列. 作者是英国人，所写的国内外指的应该是欧洲范围内，很多国家不设边境检查机构.

#### Not only are the means of arriving at the holiday paradise entirely within one's own command and keeping, but the means of escape from holiday hell if the beach proves too crowded, the local weather too inclement are there, outside—or, as likely, part of—the tent.

并列句，以 not only…but (also)结构分成前后两句，前句为主系表结构，系动词提前了；后句则为正常语序的主系表结构.

本句的 means 就是指汽车了.

括号中其实算是一个条件状语从句，前句为主系表结构，逗号后面在语法上只是一个状语，因为逗号无法直接连接两个完整的句子，不过我们在理解时可以把后半句认为是省略了系动词 is，the local weather is too inclement.

#### Idealists have objected to the practice of camping, as to the package tour, that the traveller abroad thereby denies himself the opportunity of getting to know the people of the country visited.

复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，as to 短语为原因状语，予以解释为什么旅行团不好， 后面 that 引导的同位语从句作进一步的解释说明，该从句为主谓宾结构，双宾语.

后置定语 of getting to know the people of the country visited 中，最后的 visited 是这个定语成分中的定语，修饰 country，相当于 the people of the country (which the traveller / he visited.)

#### Insularity and self-containment, it is argued, go hand in hand.

简单句，如果把 it is argued 不看成插入语，而看成主句的话，那么本句为复合句， it is argued that insularity and self-containment go hand in hand. 这里 that 引出所声称的内容，可按主语内容从句理解，并不是修饰名词的定语从句.

go 在这里作系动词.

#### The opinion does not survive experience of a popular Continental camping place.

简单句，语法上是主谓宾结构，但这样的主谓宾拼凑起来不太合理. 本句行文并不严谨，可以理解成 the opinion does not survive after an experience of a popular…也就是但凡经历过露营的人，都不会再这么认为了，这个观点也就没有生存空间了.

#### Holiday hotels tend to cater for one nationality of visitors especially, sometimes exclusively.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

#### Camping sites, by contrast, are highly cosmopolitan.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### Granted, a preponderance of Germans is a characteristic that seems common to most Mediterranean sites; but as yet there is no overwhelmingly specialized patronage.

overwhelmingly specialized patronage.

复合句，以 but 连接前后两句，前句为主系表结构，和前面一样，先用 granted 开头，后跟一个 that 引导的定语从句，亦为主系表结构.

but 后面为 there be 句型.

本句教材翻译有误. preponderance 为多数，但并不需要过半，不是大多数，也就是说，各国人中，德国人最多，可能就比第二名的多一点点. 也正是这一点，后半句的意思则是强调并没有呈现出压倒性的多数. 这个压倒性的多数自然只能是通过光顾露营地来体现，patronage 是光顾、惠顾的意思，是德国人来光顾该地，而不是他们得到什么优待. 本句承接上句，体现出世界性，不会存在某个国家的人特别多的情况，相对来说各国游客都有，比较平均.

#### Notices forbidding the open-air drying of clothes, or the use of water points for car washing, or those inviting "our camping friends" to a dance or a boat trip are printed not only in French or Italian or Spanish, but also in English, German and Dutch.

并列句，主谓宾结构，修饰的定语比较长而已，主干结构很简单.

#### At meal times the odour of sauerkraut vies with that of garlic.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

#### The Frenchman's breakfast coffee competes with the Englishman's bacon and eggs.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

#### Whether the remarkable growth of organized camping means the eventual death of the more independent kind is hard to say.

复合句，whether 引导的主语从句为主谓宾结构，主句为主系表结构. of the more independent kind 中，more 修饰 independent，比较的是露营方式的独立程度；organized camping 与较自主的露营形成对照。这里没有说独立露营在数量上占多数。

作者并没有就哪种形式的露营更好下结论，毕竟全文都在介绍露营本身是很有吸引力的，全文的目的也是吸引更多的人来体验露营.

#### Municipalities naturally want to secure the campers' site fees and other custom.

简单句，主谓宾结构. 这里 custom 不作关税解，因为欧洲很多国家之前自由开车前往，这里应指这些露营者的光顾而产生的收益.

#### Police are wary of itinerants who cannot be traced to a recognized camp boundary or to four walls.

复合句，主句主谓宾结构，后面有 who 引导的定语从句，为主谓结构，四面墙的表述应指建筑物，即代指住在酒店的旅行者.

#### But most probably it will all depend upon campers themselves: how many heath fires they cause; how much litter they leave; in short, whether or not they wholly alienate landowners and those who live in the countryside.

并列句，首句主谓宾结构，it 指本段第一句 whether 所讨论的情况，具体哪种方式的露营会占优，全看露营者自己的素质了. 冒号后面的几个分句，均把宾语提到了前面，算是不完全倒装结构.

最后的分句为主谓宾结构，跟了一个 who 引导的定语从句，主谓结构.

#### Only good scouting is likely to preserve the freedoms so dear to the heart of the eternal Boy Scout.

简单句，主系表结构，动词不定式短语作表语，后面 so dear 在这里是形容词作后置定语，修饰 freedom，是省略用法，the freedoms which are so dear to the heart…

作者是英国人，英国的童子军组织对孩童的训练包括扎营教学，童子军的组织仍在运营，所以用不朽的 eternal 来赞扬童子军组织对于自由的维持. 因为只有独立的露营者拥有童子军这样的操守，才能让自由的露营不至于被本段首句有组织的露营所取而代之. 这是全文在向大家介绍了露营多么吸引人之后，也顺便做个呼吁，希望大家在露营中注意遵守有关的要求.

#### 酒店礼仪中的称谓

maître d'hôtel 在这里指餐厅领班。作者借这一称谓说明：露营者虽有经济实力，却可能不熟悉酒店的礼仪规则。它补充的是文化语境，不是另一句课文。

## 学完这一课

把同一现象对两类人的不同意义并列。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第219—227页，2022年2月第2版。*