---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/34-adolescence.md
description: 新概念英语第四册：Adolescence。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 34 · 青春期

### 第1段

Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed. They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents. Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.
Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable. Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.
The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.
Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt. Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

中文理解：孩子夸赞朋友家时，父母常会不高兴，把这听成对自家饭菜、清洁或家具的贬低，还常常不明智地让孩子看出自己的恼怒。他们甚至会责怪孩子不忠于自己的家庭，或刻薄地说几句朋友父母的坏话。成年人这样失去风度，退回孩子气的做派，会让青少年震惊，并暗自决定，以后不再向父母谈自己去过的地方、见过的人。用不了多久，父母便会抱怨孩子什么都瞒着他们，可他们很少意识到，这是自己造成的。
无论父母作为家长、作为个人多么优秀称职，孩子对父母感到失望，在一定程度上都难以避免。除非父母本来就很不称职，多数孩子都会把父母想得过于理想，这种形象几乎不可能经得起现实的检验。如果父母知道，孩子通常多么相信他们的品格，相信他们不会犯错，也知道这种信念对孩子多么重要，一定会既惊讶又感动。倘若父母事先理解青少年的这种反应，知道这意味着孩子正在长大、正在形成宝贵的观察力和独立判断力，就不会那么受伤，也就不会因怨恨和抵触，把孩子推到自己的对立面。
青少年渴望真诚。他们总会尊重这样的父母：肯承认自己错了、不懂，甚至承认自己曾经偏心或不公。孩子明明知道这些指责属实，父母却拒不承认，这才是他们不能原谅的。
维多利亚时代的父母以为，躲到不讲道理的专制态度后面，就能维护尊严。其实，他们根本没有做到；只是当时的孩子太害怕，不敢说出真实感受。今天，我们又容易走向另一个极端；但总的来说，这种态度对孩子和父母都更健康。正视现实，总是更明智、更稳妥，哪怕当下会感到痛苦。

* **regard it as a slur**：把它看作贬低；undefined

* **accuse them of**：指责他们有……；of后是指责内容，区别于blame someone for。

* **a loss of dignity**：失去体面；undefined

* **on the part of**：在……一方；说明行为或责任属于哪方，不是某物的一部分。

* **brought this on themselves**：自招这个结果；一般指招致不良后果，注意反身代词。

* **to some degree**：在一定程度上；为概括留程度，不是绝对无法改变。

* **stand up to**：经得起；本课是经得起检验，不是站起来对抗人。

* **realistic evaluation**：现实的评估；undefined

* **deeply touched**：深受感动；不要把情绪感动机械译为身体被触摸。

* **independent judgment**：独立判断；英式常见judgement，美式judgment；原稿拼写保留。

* **drive the child into opposition**：把孩子推向对立；undefined

* **passion for sincerity**：对真诚的强烈追求；undefined

* **refusal to admit**：拒绝承认；refusal后不定式给拒绝的动作。

* **kept their dignity**：维护了体面；undefined

* **retreating behind**：退到……后自我保护；此处是借权威态度躲避批评，不是地理后退。

* **too cowed**：被吓得过于畏缩；undefined

* **go to the other extreme**：走向另一极端；不是合理改变方向，而是过度反向。

* **on the whole**：总的说来；总评允许局部例外，不等于每一方面都更好。

* **face up to reality**：正视现实；含承认并面对的意味，不只是看见。

* **at the moment**：此刻；目前；交代此刻或当前阶段，常用来说明眼下在做什么。

#### Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the adolescents see that they are annoyed.

复合句，两个 and 连接的三个句子，其中一二句为一个层面，第三句为第二个层面. 第一个 and 后面 regard 的主语同样是 parents.

第一二句的主句分别为主系表结构和主谓宾+宾补结构，when 引导的时间状语从句为主谓宾结构. their children 的 their 指 parents，紧跟着的 of their friends 的 their 指 children，而 regard it 的 it 指上面孩子赞扬孩子的朋友家的情况这件事，而 their own cooking 的 their 指 parents. as a slur…为宾语补足语，补充说明赞扬别人家是对自己的侮辱.

第三句为主系表结构，省略了主语，to let the adolescents…为目的状语，该状语中包含了一个子成分，see that they are annoyed，可以不予分析.

#### They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some spiteful remark about the friends' parents.

并列句，or 连接了两个简单句，均为主谓宾结构.

accuse sb. of sth. 这里是双宾语结构.

#### Such a loss of dignity and descent into childish behaviour on the part of the adults shocks the adolescents, and makes them resolve that in future they will not talk to their parents about the places or people they visit.

并列句，以 and 连接，前句比较简单，主谓宾结构，唯独主语很长，on the part of the adults 作定语缩小家长的范围，是这种有失身份以及孩子气的行为震惊了孩子们.

后句 make sb. do 的结构，resolve…visit 是宾语补足语，them 指孩子，只不过这个宾语补足语中可以理解成含有一个 that 引导的宾语从句，they will not talk to their parents…，最后 they visit 其实是一个定语从句，主谓结构，修饰 people.

#### Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.

并列复合句，以 but 连接，前句为主谓+宾语从句结构，that 引导的宾语从句的主语是 the child，后面一个是主系表结构，一个是主谓宾结构，tells 是该宾语从句主谓宾分句的谓语.

but 后句也是主谓+宾语从句结构，that 引导的宾语从句为主谓宾+宾补结构.

#### Disillusionment with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.

复合句，主句是主系表结构，并不复杂，只不过在这中间，有一个 however 引导的让步状语从句.

该让步状语从句中，有一个倒装结构，还原之后是 they may be good and adequate both as…

#### Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parents themselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up to a realistic evaluation.

复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，该句是 such…that 结构，与 so…that 一样，that 在句中不作成分，引导结果状语从句. 该句遵从了语法规范 such + a +（形容词+) 单数名词 + that…

该句中还含有一个 unless 引导的条件状语从句，为主系表结构，该从句中， themselves 可以看成是 the parents 的同位语.

#### Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and infallibility, and how much this faith means to a child.

复合句，主句为主系表结构，主句中 and 连接了两个系动词.

从句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，为主谓+宾语从句结构，realized 后面接两个由 how much 引出的宾语从句，分别表示孩子对父母有多么信任，以及这种信任对孩子有多么重要。这里不需要另补 that。

两个 how much 分别引出“有多么深的信任”和“有多么重要”的程度含义。其后主语均在谓语前，属于从句的正常陈述语序，不是主谓倒装；把疑问或程度成分放到从句开头，也不等于倒装。

#### If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it.

复合句，主句是 and 连接的主系表和主谓宾两个句子组成的复合句.

if 引导的条件状语从句中 were prepared for 和 realized 均为 parents 的谓语，而 realized 后面跟了一个 that 引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句中又有一个 that 引导的同位语从句修饰 sign. 该从句使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气.

#### The adolescent, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust.

复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，who 引导的定语从句修饰 a parent，该定语从句中包含两个 that 引导的宾语从句，两个宾语从句由第二个 or 连接，第一个 or 只不过是连接两个表语 wrong 和 ignorant，同样，第三个 or 也是连接两个表语 unfair 和 unjust.

#### What the child cannot forgive is the parent's refusal to admit these charges if the child knows them to be true.

复合句，What the child cannot forgive 整体作主语；what 在该从句中作 forgive 的宾语，从句内部仍是 the child cannot forgive 的陈述语序。这里不是主谓倒装，what 的位置由融合关系从句结构决定。

该主语从句作主句的主语，主句是主系表结构，to admit 动词不定式作定语修饰 refusal.

if 引导的条件状语从句中，含有一个宾语补足语，them 指 the child.

#### Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too cowed to let them know how they really felt.

复合句，分号前面是一个独立的句子，为主谓+宾语从句，该句中含有一个 that 引导的宾语从句，该从句中 by…attitude 是方式状语，是一个成分，非状语从句.

分号后面，but 连接了两个完整的句子，表转折.

but 后面这句有 too…to 结构，cowed 为过去分词作表语，后一个 to 是动词不定式作原因状语，作解释说明因为太怕了，所以不愿意告诉家长. 一般来说 too 在这种 too…to 的结构中常常是 more than enough 的意思，如果是这样，则后面的 to 不定式作结果状语.

该原因状语中，know 是不带 to 的不定式，let sb. know，而 know 后面带了一个可以理解成宾语的成分，只不过这个宾语是一个句子，how they really felt 是表示“他们真实感受如何”的宾语从句，采用正常陈述语序，并非倒装结构.

#### Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is a healthier attitude both for the child and the parent.

并列句，but 连接的两个句子，前句为主谓结构，后句为主系表结构.

#### It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.

复合句，to face up to reality 不定式作真正的主语，前面的 it 是形式主语.

后面 however 引导的让步状语从句，倒装结构，还原为 it may be painful…

## 学完这一课

在主从句主语切换处停一下，确认到底谁作出评价。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

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