---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/16-the-modern-city.md
description: 新概念英语第四册：The Modern City。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 16 · 现代城市

### 第1段

In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected. Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible. It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory. The great cities have been built with no regard for us. The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them. This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together. Civilized men like such a way of living. While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life. The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.

中文理解：在工业生活的组织安排中，工厂对工人生理和心理状态的影响一直被完全忽视。现代工业奉行以最低成本取得最大产出的原则，目的是让某个人或某个群体尽可能多地赚钱。它不断扩张，却不去了解操作机器的人究竟有怎样的天性，也不考虑工厂强加给人的那种人为生活方式，会怎样影响他们及其后代。大城市的建设同样没有顾及我们。摩天大楼的形状和规模，完全取决于怎样让每平方英尺土地带来最多收入，以及怎样提供令租户满意的办公室和公寓。结果，一幢幢庞大的建筑拔地而起，过多的人被拥挤地聚集在里面。文明社会的人却喜欢这样的生活。他们享受着住所的舒适与乏味的奢华，却没有意识到，生活中真正必需的东西已经被剥夺了。现代城市充斥着庞然大物般的建筑和阴暗狭窄的街道；街上弥漫着汽油废气和有毒气体，出租车、卡车、公共汽车的噪声刺耳不断，人群也昼夜拥挤。显然，这样的城市并不是为了居民的福祉而规划的。

* **physiological and mental state**：生理与心理状态；undefined

* **completely neglected**：被完全忽视；neglect强调未给予应有关注，别与主动拒绝混同。

* **is based on**：以……为基础；on后说明原则或依据，不表示因果已证明。

* **maximum production**：最大产出；成对理解产出与成本，不把maximum当质量最好。

* **at lowest cost**：以最低成本；undefined

* **as much money as possible**：尽可能多的钱；undefined

* **giving any consideration to**：考虑到；名词consideration后接to；动词可直接consider something。

* **mode of existence**：生存方式；undefined

* **imposed by**：由……强加；on引出承受者；被动by说明施加者。

* **with no regard for**：不顾及；regard for是关注或顾及，不是regard as看作。

* **depend entirely on**：完全取决于；entirely使判断很强，自己的论述有例外时别照搬。

* **per square foot**：每平方英尺；undefined

* **crowded together**：拥挤在一起；描述空间过度集中，区别于单纯聚会。

* **are deprived of**：被剥夺；of引出被拿走的东西，不是剥夺者。

* **consists of**：由……构成；通常不用被动语态，不说is consisted of。

* **for the good of**：为了……的利益；说明服务谁的利益，不只表示品质好。

#### In the organization of industrial life the influence of the factory upon the physiological and mental state of the workers has been completely neglected.

简单句，主谓结构.

#### Modern industry is based on the conception of the maximum production at lowest cost, in order that an individual or a group of individuals may earn as much money as possible.

复合句，主句主谓宾结构，in order that 引导目的状语从句，为主谓结构.

#### It has expanded without any idea of the true nature of the human beings who run the machines, and without giving any consideration to the effects produced on the individuals and on their descendants by the artificial mode of existence imposed by the factory.

复合句，主句为主谓结构，后面跟了 who 引导的定语从句，为主谓宾结构. and 前后各有一个 without 短语作伴随状语，属于并列结构.

#### The great cities have been built with no regard for us.

简单句，主谓结构.

#### The shape and dimensions of the skyscrapers depend entirely on the necessity of obtaining the maximum income per square foot of ground, and of offering to the tenants offices and apartments that please them.

复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，最后有一个 that 引导的定语从句，为主谓宾结构.

#### This caused the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.

复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，后面 where 引导的定语从句为主谓结构.

#### Civilized men like such a way of living.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

#### While they enjoy the comfort and banal luxury of their dwelling, they do not realize that they are deprived of the necessities of life.

复合句，主句为主谓+宾语从句结构，最前面是 while 引导的时间状语从句，主谓宾结构，后面 that 引导的宾语从句亦为主谓宾结构.

#### The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, lorries and buses, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

并列句，均为主谓宾结构，第二句省略了主语和部分谓语.

本句教材编者有所改动，美式的一些表达更改为了英式，原著为：The modern city consists of monstrous edifices and of dark, narrow streets full of gasoline fumes, coal dust, and toxic gases, torn by the noise of the taxicabs, trucks, and trolleys, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds.

#### Obviously, it has not been planned for the good of its inhabitants.

简单句，主谓结构.

## 学完这一课

用被动完成时指出一项长期被忽视的需要。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第64—66页，2022年2月第2版。*