---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/06-the-sporting-spirit.md
description: 新概念英语第四册：The Sporting Spirit。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 06 · 体育的精神

### 第1段

I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe—at any rate for short periods—that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

中文理解：每当听人说体育能增进国家间的友谊，我总觉得惊讶。他们还说，只要世界各国的普通民众能在足球场或板球场上相遇，就不会想在战场上交锋。即使不看具体的例子——比如一九三六年的奥运会——不了解国际体育比赛曾怎样激起狂热的仇恨，人们也能从一般道理推导出同样的结论。
今天的体育运动几乎都带有竞争性。参加比赛就是为了取胜；如果不竭尽全力争胜，比赛便没有多少意义。在乡间草地上，大家临时分队，又不牵涉为本地争光的情绪时，比赛确实可以只是为了娱乐和锻炼。但一旦涉及声望，一旦你觉得输了会让自己和所代表的更大集体丢脸，最凶猛的争斗本能便会被激发出来。哪怕只参加过校际足球赛，也会明白这一点。到了国际层面，体育简直就是模拟战争。不过，更值得注意的不是运动员的行为，而是观众的态度，以及观众背后各个国家的态度。它们为这些荒唐的比赛大发雷霆，还一本正经地相信——至少一时如此——跑步、跳跃和踢球能够检验一个民族的品格。

* **creates goodwill**：增进友好感情；goodwill是友好与善意，不等于个人友谊。

* **have no inclination**：没有意愿；inclination说倾向或意愿，不能当作能力。

* **concrete examples**：具体例子；concrete强调具体可说明，不是水泥做的。

* **lead to**：导致；先检查因果依据，to后不接动词原形。

* **general principles**：一般原理；from说明推导依据，不能代替事实核查。

* **play to win**：以取胜为目的比赛；undefined

* **do your utmost**：竭尽全力；utmost前用所有格，后说明努力的目标。

* **for the fun**：为了乐趣；undefined

* **as soon as**：一……就……；undefined

* **the question of prestige**：声望问题；question可指关键问题，不一定是问句。

* **will be disgraced**：将会丢脸；undefined

* **At the international level**：在国际层面；level说讨论或活动的层次。

* **the attitude of**：……的态度；of可引出谁的态度，to或towards引出态度所对的事。

* **work themselves into**：使自己陷入某种情绪；强调情绪逐步升高，并非实际劳动。

* **at any rate**：至少；无论如何；这里为判断加最低限度，不是比率。

* **national virtue**：民族品格；undefined

#### I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield.

复合句，主句为主系表结构，带一个 when 引导的时间状语从句.

接下来看时间状语从句里面的结构，该从句的主句为主谓宾+宾补结构，宾补为整个“< >”里面的内容，作 people 的补语.

该补语中又有两个 that 引导的宾语从句作 saying 的宾语，分别是 that sport…nations 和 that if only…battlefield. 第一句为主谓宾结构，第二句先有 if only 引导的非真实条件状语从句，该状语从句为主谓结构，主句则为主谓宾结构.

#### Even if one didn't know from concrete examples the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles.

复合句，even if 的让步状语从句为主谓宾结构，其中宾语由 that 引导的宾语从句担任，这里不要把 that 引导的从句视为定语从句修饰 examples，这里不是对 examples 的补充，因为括号已经直接举例了，这里是强调人们即使不知道国际比赛会导致的仇恨后果. 原括号中的1936 年夏季奥运会在柏林举办，时值纳粹政府上台，感兴趣可以自行搜索了解.

主句为主谓宾结构.

#### Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win.

复合句，and 连接两个句子，第一句为主谓结构，第二句为主谓宾结构，其中包括 unless 引导的条件状语从句，为主谓结构.

#### On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused.

复合句，先看一开头的状语和跟随的 where 引导的定语从句，该定语从句本身是个并列句，均为主谓(宾)结构. 主句为主系表结构，it 作形式主语，动词不定式作真正主语.

冒号后面表示享受不到运动快乐和锻炼的另一个情况，连着两个 as soon as 引导的时间状语从句，第一个为主谓结构，第二个从句中 feel 后接 that 引导的宾语从句，表示“感到你和所属的集体会因失利而蒙羞”。that you and some…if you lose 是 feel 的宾语，不是表语从句。 该从句中有 if 引导的条件状语从句，条件状语从句为主谓结构.

冒号后面的主句为 instincts are aroused，主谓结构.

#### Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this.

复合句，主句为主谓宾结构，其中包括 who 引导的定语从句，为主谓结构.

#### At the international level sport is frankly mimic warfare.

简单句，主系表结构，其中句首的地点状语后面，课文中标记了一个逗号，便于大家理解，但奥威尔原文没有该逗号，此处跟随原文，删除了逗号.

#### But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe—at any rate for short periods—that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

复合句，以冒号分成前后两句，前句为并列句，以 but 连接，均为主系表结构，不过 but 后面有所省略，but the significant thing is the attitude of the spectators.

后句本身是一些句子成分，其中 of the nations 这个定语本身被 who 引导的定语从句修饰. 该从句为复合句，前半句为主谓宾结构，and believe 后面有一个插入语，可以不看，直接连上 that 引导的宾语从句，该宾语从句为主系表结构.

## 学完这一课

先转述一种常见看法，再明确说明自己是否赞同。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第30—32页，2022年2月第2版。*