---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-4/03-matterhorn-man.md
description: 新概念英语第四册：Matterhorn Man。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 03 · 马特霍恩山区人

### 第1段

Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded. In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all. The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before. It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement. They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top!
It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers. Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains. Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine. Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest who was usually as poor as his parishioners, sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers. Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable. For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

中文理解：现代登山者喜欢挑选能充分体验攀登乐趣的路线，而且路线越难，评价往往越高。但在登山运动的开拓时期，情况完全不同。早期登山者要找的是最容易登顶的路线，因为登上山顶才是他们追求的奖赏，尤其是登上一座还从未有人征服过的山峰。诚然，他们探险时装备之简陋，足以让今天的登山者一想起来就打寒战，途中也常遇到极其危险的困难和险境；但他们并不是刻意去寻求这种刺激。他们的目的只有一个：山顶！
今天，我们很难体会那些开拓者当年有多么艰难。除了采尔马特、沙莫尼等一两处很快就出了名的地方，阿尔卑斯山区的村落大多十分贫困，又被高山阻隔，与外界隔绝。即使有小旅馆，通常也肮脏不堪、跳蚤成群。食物不过是当地的奶酪，配上往往存放了十二个月的面包，再用粗劣的葡萄酒送下肚。一个山谷里常常连一家旅馆都没有，登山者只能到处找地方借宿：有时住在当地牧师家里，而牧师通常和教区居民一样穷；有时与牧羊人或做奶酪的人挤一晚。无论住在哪里，情形都一样：肮脏、贫穷，而且极不舒适。对于在家习惯一餐吃七道菜、睡在精细亚麻床单之间的人来说，来到阿尔卑斯山区，日子确实很难适应。

* **good sport**：充分的运动乐趣；undefined

* **the more difficult**：越困难；undefined

* **not the case**：并非如此；指事实或情况，不是箱子或病例。

* **the easiest way**：最容易的路线；undefined

* **faced difficulties**：面对困难；face直接接宾语，不加with。

* **equipped in a manner**：以某种方式配备装备；undefined

* **shudder at the thought**：一想到便不寒而栗；at引出引发反应的想法，可接of doing。

* **go out of their way**：刻意费力去做；通常强调特意多费一番功夫，文中是否定主动找刺激。

* **a single aim**：一个唯一的目标；single强调集中于一个目标，不是独身。

* **cut off from**：与……隔绝；强调交通或联系被阻断，不只距离远。

* **accompanied by**：伴有；配有；说明主物之外的伴随物，注意by。

* **washed down with**：用……送下肚；用于食物配饮料，不是洗净食物。

* **found shelter**：找到栖身处；shelter作庇护或住处时常不可数。

* **as poor as**：和……一样穷；比较两方程度，形容词用原级。

* **accustomed to eating**：习惯了吃……；to是介词，后接名词或动名词。

* **must have been**：过去想必是；根据线索推断过去状态，而不是“过去必须”。

#### Modern alpinists try to climb mountains by a route which will give them good sport, and the more difficult it is, the more highly it is regarded.

并列复合句，以 and 连接两个句子，前一句为主谓宾结构，包含 which 引导的定语从句修饰 route，该定语从句为主谓+双宾语结构.

and 后面是比较结构，if it is more difficult，then it is more highly regarded by modern alpinists. 原句有所省略和倒装. it 指 route 攀登路线.

#### In the pioneering days, however, this was not the case at all.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### The early climbers were looking for the easiest way to the top, because the summit was the prize they sought, especially if it had never been attained before.

复合句，主句主谓宾结构. 后面是 because 引导的原因状语从句，该句为主系表结 构. 原因状语从句中包含了一个 if 引导的条件状语从句，为主谓结构，it 指山顶.

#### It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the most perilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modern climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.

复合句，该句以 but 连接成两个句子，第一个句子主句是主系表结构，that 从句作真正的主语，it 仅为形式主语，主语从句到 thought 为止. 主语从句为主谓宾结构，包括一个 which 引导的定语从句修饰 manner，该从句为主谓宾+宾补的结构，at the thought 省略了 of the manner.

but 后面连接的第二句为主谓宾结构，go out of one’s way 是动词词组，在这里跟 did not 一起作复合谓语，宾语由不定式充当即可.

#### They had a single aim, a solitary goal—the top!

简单句，主谓宾结构，以及两个同位语表强调.

#### It is hard for us to realize nowadays how difficult it was for the pioneers.

复合句，it 为形式主语，to realize…作真正的主语。realize 后接 how 引导的宾语从句，how difficult 表示“有多艰难”，其后是陈述语序 it was for the pioneers。这里并没有把助动词或系动词移到主语之前，不能称为部分倒装；也不应在 how 前再添 that。

#### Except for one or two places such as Zermatt and Chamonix, which had rapidly become popular, Alpine villages tended to be impoverished settlements cut off from civilization by the high mountains.

复合句，主句为主系表结构，这里 tended to be 表示“通常是、大多是”，概括当时山村的普遍情况，不是强调继续向某个状态发展.

句首是一个状语，排除掉一两个地方，以为主句作概括性的总结更加严谨. which 引导的定语从句修饰状语里面的2 个地名，为主系表结构.

这两个地方均为阿尔卑斯山附近的滑雪及旅游胜地，攀登者有一个适应高海拔的过程，一般需要提前在这些地方进行驻扎，比如著名的珠峰大本营. 文章写这两个地方之外都是穷乡僻壤，是希望通过将这两个地方的准备条件和穷乡僻壤的准备条件作对比，以使现在的攀登者理解登山先驱的条件之艰苦.

#### Such inns as there were were generally dirty and flea-ridden; the food simply local cheese accompanied by bread often twelve months old, all washed down with coarse wine.

复合句，全句分为三句，第一句为主系表结构，其中有 as 引导的定语从句，as 作表语.

第二句省略了系动词 was，cheese 后面有两个定语，第一个定语修饰 cheese；第二个定语修饰 bread，有所省略，可改为 the bread was often twelve months old.

第三句也有省略，all were washed down…

#### Often a valley boasted no inn at all, and climbers found shelter wherever they could—sometimes with the local priest who was usually as poor as his parishioners, sometimes with shepherds or cheese-makers.

并列复合句，and 前为第一句，主谓宾结构.

and 后仍是主谓宾结构：climbers found shelter。wherever they could 表示“凡能找到住处的地方”，是地点状语从句，省略了 find shelter，不是修饰 shelter 的定语从句。后面的破折号列举借宿的地点；原文括号中的 who was usually as poor as his parishioners 则是修饰 the local priest 的补充性定语从句。

接下来文章中原文本身带有括号的，括号内容将以小两号斜体排版，并在右括号的右上角标记一个中文“原”字.

#### Invariably the background was the same: dirt and poverty, and very uncomfortable.

简单句，主系表结构.

#### For men accustomed to eating seven-course dinners and sleeping between fine linen sheets at home, the change to the Alps must have been very hard indeed.

简单句，主系表结构.

句首主要是两个后置定语修饰 man. 从这里也可以再次看出来，本段完全是围绕着如何去想象那些登山先驱的艰苦而展开的描写，并非为读者描述这边山区人的生活情况，教材标题的误译影响对全文的分析和理解.

## 学完这一课

用双重比较级谈一项有条件成立的学习趋势。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-4/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第20—23页，2022年2月第2版。*