---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-3/21-daniel-mendoza.md
description: 新概念英语第三册：Daniel Mendoza。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 21 · 丹尼尔·门多萨

### 第1段

Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago. In those days, boxers fought with bare fists for prize money. Because of this, they were known as "prizefighters". However, boxing was very crude, for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match.
One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764. The use of gloves was not introduced until 1860, when the Marquis of Queensberry drew up the first set of rules. Though he was technically a prizefighter, Mendoza did much to change crude prizefighting into a sport, for he brought science to the game. In his day, Mendoza enjoyed tremendous popularity. He was adored by rich and poor alike.
Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old. This attracted the attention of Richard Humphries who was then the most eminent boxer in England. He offered to train Mendoza and his young pupil was quick to learn. In fact, Mendoza soon became so successful that Humphries turned against him. The two men quarrelled bitterly and it was clear that the argument could only be settled by a fight. A match was held at Stilton, where both men fought for an hour. The public bet a great deal of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. Mendoza met Humphries in the ring on a later occasion and he lost for a second time. It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and became Champion of England. Meanwhile, he founded a highly successful Academy and even Lord Byron became one of his pupils. He earned enormous sums of money and was paid as much as £100 for a single appearance. Despite this, he was so extravagant that he was always in debt. After he was defeated by a boxer called Gentleman Jackson, he was quickly forgotten. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in poverty in 1836.

中文理解：两百年前，拳击比赛在英国十分流行。那时，拳手赤手空拳地比赛，为的是赢取奖金，因此被称为“职业拳手”。不过，当时的拳击相当野蛮，比赛没有规则，拳手可能身受重伤，甚至被打死。
拳击史上最富传奇色彩的人物之一，是1764年出生的丹尼尔·门多萨。拳击比赛直到1860年才开始使用手套，那一年，昆斯伯里侯爵制定了第一套比赛规则。严格来说，门多萨仍属于旧式的职业拳手，但他把科学的方法引入比赛，为将野蛮的搏斗转变为体育运动做出了很大贡献。在他所处的年代，他极受欢迎，无论贫富，人们都崇拜他。
门多萨年仅十四岁时，就凭一场拳赛迅速成名，引起了当时英国最著名的拳手理查德·汉弗莱斯的注意。汉弗莱斯主动提出训练他，这个年轻徒弟学得很快。事实上，门多萨很快就出色到让师父反目。两人激烈争吵，显然只能到拳台上解决分歧。一场比赛在斯蒂尔顿举行，双方激战一小时。观众纷纷在门多萨身上押下重注，他却输了。后来，两人再次交手，门多萨又一次败北。直到1790年的第三次对决，他才终于击败汉弗莱斯，成为英国冠军。与此同时，他开办了一所颇为成功的拳击学校，连拜伦勋爵都成了他的学生。他收入惊人，一次出场费就高达一百英镑，却因挥霍无度，总是债台高筑。后来，他败给了人称“绅士杰克逊”的拳手，很快便被人遗忘。他因无力偿债入狱，最终于1836年在贫困中去世。

* **In those days**：在那个时候；先建立过去背景，再描述当时的常态。

* **bare fists**：赤手；不戴拳套的拳头；bare 强调未覆盖；与戴拳套的规范比赛对照。

* **Because of**：由于；因为；后面接原因，不直接接完整陈述句；because 后面才可直接接主语和谓语。

* **drew up**：拟定；起草；本课是制定规则，不是画画。

* **enjoyed tremendous popularity**：大受欢迎；enjoy popularity 搭配，enjoy 不一定译为享受。

* **rose to fame**：迅速成名；rise 是不及物，别与 raise 混用。

* **attracted the attention of**：引起……的注意；attract the attention of + 人，与 pay attention to 的施动方向相反。

* **turned against him**：转而与他为敌；turn against + 人，表达关系从支持转向敌对。

* **a great deal of**：大量；接time或excitement等，不直接接可数复数people。

* **was defeated**：被击败；be defeated by + 对手；不要与 defeat the opponent 的主动方向弄反。

* **on a later occasion**：在后来的一次场合；on + occasion 组织离散事件，避免误说所有事件在同一天。

* **for a single appearance**：仅一次出场；for 引出计酬单位，single 强调仅一次。

* **in debt**：负债；be 表状态，get into 表进入负债状态。

* **pay his debts**：还清欠款；pay / repay one's debts，复数表示多笔债务。

* **in poverty**：生活贫困；描述贫困的生活状态，与 live、grow up 等动作连用。

#### 原文注释 · Boxing matches were very popular in England two hundred years ago.

注释：①bare = without gloves。②injured = hurt(phyically)。

#### 原文注释 · One of the most colourful figures in boxing history was Daniel Mendoza, who was born in 1764.

注释：①drew up = prepared and wrote。②crude = basic, rough, not very skilful。③ enjoyed tremendous popularity = was extremely popular。④adored = loved and respected。 ⑤alike = (rich) and/as well as(poor), both(rich and poor) in the same way。

#### 原文注释 · Mendoza rose to fame swiftly after a boxing match when he was only fourteen years old.

注释：①rose to fame = became famous。②turned against = betrayed。③in the ring = in the boxing ring；meet sb. in the ring，在圈内较量，这个圈子指的就是拳击场。④It was…that，在这里是强调句，后文中it is that 作强调句型的时候均不标记。

#### Summary 摘要

When the two men quarrelled, they settled the argument by a fight. This took place at Stilton. It lasted an hour and Humphries won. When they met again, Mendoza lost again, but in their third match in 1790, Mendoza finally beat Humphries to become Champion of England. He founded a successful boxing Academy and earned a lot of money, but was so extravagant he was always in debt. He was finally sent to prison and died in poverty in 1836. (80 words)

#### Composition 作文 The First Fight 第一战

\[1]The first fight between Humphries and his pupil Mendoza, after a quarrel, was held at Stilton and attracted a lot of attention. At the time, Richard Humphries was the most eminent boxer in England and had many supporters. But the young Mendoza had his supporters, too.

\[2]The atmosphere before the fight was electric. Half of the people there made bets on Humphries, the other half bet on Mendoza. When the two fighters entered the ring, there was a lot of shouting and cheering.

\[3]The referee called both fighters to the middle of the ring, spoke to them and the fight started. At first, both men were very wary. After all, this was a fight between teacher and pupil, so they knew very well what the other could do—and they were fighting with bare fists. Each of the boxers fought well for most of the match, but in the end Humphries was too strong and too experienced for the young Mendoza. He knocked him down once: Mendoza got up. He knocked him down again, and although Mendoza tried to get up, he just couldn't.The referee counted ten and that was the end of the match.

\[4]When Mendoza got up, he was very angry, but eventually congratulated Humphries. However, his defeat made him determined to go on and fight his teacher again so that he could finally become champion. (229 words)

## 学完这一课

用 not… until… 说明一项改变何时才出现。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-3/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时、何景霖整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第73—75页，2022年2月第3版。*