---
url: https://gaojian.site/new-concept/book-2/51-reward-for-virtue.md
description: 新概念英语第二册：Reward for virtue。精读、词块回忆、双向译练、句法、逻辑与FSRS复习。
---

# 51 · 对美德的奖赏

### 第1段

My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet. He began his diet a week ago. First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden. The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets. Yesterday I paid him a visit. I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever. He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk. It was obvious that he was very embarrassed. When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk. He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally. Then he showed me the contents of the parcel. It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

中文理解：朋友休一直很胖，最近胖得实在厉害，终于决定节食。他从一星期前开始控制饮食。 他先列了一张长长的禁食清单，几乎都是自己爱吃的：黄油、土豆、米饭、啤酒、牛奶、巧克力，还有糖果。 昨天我去看他，按了门铃。见他还和以前一样胖，我一点也不意外。 他领我进屋，匆匆把一个大包裹藏到桌子底下，显然很尴尬。 我问他在干什么，他心虚地笑了笑，把包裹放到桌上，解释说，这次节食实在太严格，自己偶尔也得犒劳一下自己。 随后，他给我看包裹里的东西：五大块巧克力，外加三袋糖果！

* **go on a diet**：开始控制饮食；表示开始控制饮食；不只是某一餐少吃一点。

* **First of all**：首先；常用于说明步骤或列举，不一定强调与后来的变化。

* **wrote out**：完整写出；out强调全部写下，不只是简记一个词。

* **paid him a visit**：去看望了他；pay在此与visit搭配，不是付款。

* **as fat as ever**：还是和以前一样胖；as ever强调状态并未改变，形容词可以替换。

* **bars of chocolate**：几块巧克力；bar是条块状食物的量词；chocolate此处不可数。

#### My friend, Hugh, has always been fat, but things got so bad recently that he decided to go on a diet.

并列复合句，but 连接前后两句，前句为简单句，主系表结构；后句为复合句，主句为主系表结构，后面有一个so…that 引导的结果状语从句，主谓宾结构.

#### He began his diet a week ago.

简单句，主谓宾结构.

\[关键句型] 复习一般过去时，具体可参考第3课的讲解. 本课叙事主要用一般过去时，但也有 has always been（现在完成时）、Hugh loves（一般现在时）、was doing（过去进行时）等，应按各句语境区分。

#### First of all, he wrote out a long list of all the foods which were forbidden.

复合句，主句主谓宾结构，后面有一个which 引导的定语从句，主谓结构.

#### The list included most of the things Hugh loves: butter, potatoes, rice, beer, milk, chocolate, and sweets.

复合句，主句主谓宾结构，后面有一个省略了that 的定语从句，为主谓结构.

The list included most of the things Hugh loves 的重点是“休喜欢的大部分食物都被列入了禁食清单”。most 修饰 the things Hugh loves，不是说“清单上的大多数项目都是他喜欢的”；两种表述的范围不同。不过原句也不能推出清单上每一种食物都受他喜爱，不能作超出文本的保证。

\[关键句型] include 用了过去式included，本句为一般过去时. 本句用一般过去时，并不表示全文所有动词都属于这一时态。

#### Yesterday I paid him a visit.

简单句，主谓 + 双宾语结构.

#### I rang the bell and was not surprised to see that Hugh was still as fat as ever.

并列句，and 连接前后两句，前句主谓宾结构；后句为省略了主语的主系表结构， to see…是动词不定式短语作原因状语，这个原因状语很长，里面that 引导的从句可以看作是see 的宾语，我们也顺便把这个宾语从句予以细分. 最后面as ever 补充之后是状语从句as he ever was. 不过课文中我们将其省略形式作为表语一起划分即可.

#### He led me into his room and hurriedly hid a large parcel under his desk.

并列句，两句都是主谓宾结构，谓语动词都用了一般过去时所要求的过去式，lead 转为led，即lead-led-led；然后hide 转为hid，即hide-hid-hidden.

#### It was obvious that he was very embarrassed.

复合句，主句是主系表结构，that 引导的主语从句才是真正的主语，该从句为主系表结构.

#### When I asked him what he was doing, he smiled guiltily and then put the parcel on the desk.

并列复合句，主句共用主语 he，smiled guiltily 是主谓结构，put the parcel on the desk 是主谓宾结构，前面是when 引导的时间状语从句，该时间状语从句为主谓宾 + 宾语从句结构，what 引导的宾语从句为主谓宾结构.

#### He explained that his diet was so strict that he had to reward himself occasionally.

复合句，主句为主谓 + 宾语从句结构，explained 用的过去式，一般过去时，该宾语从句为主系表结构，里面又有so…that 引导的结果状语从句，该从句为主谓宾结构.

#### Then he showed me the contents of the parcel.

简单句，主谓 + 双宾语结构，show 用过去式showed，一般过去时.

#### It contained five large bars of chocolate and three bags of sweets!

简单句，主谓宾结构，contained 用了过去式，一般过去时.

## 学完这一课

先沿这条线复述《对美德的奖赏》：开始下决心节食 → 列出一长串禁食清单 → 一周后仍然一样胖 → 慌忙藏起包裹 → 拿奖励作解释 → 奖励全是巧克力和糖。再借一个结构讲自己的事：给本课人物的一种强烈状态补出结果，再换成自己的真实经历。

[Nce · 本册复习台](/new-concept/book-2/review) · [三册选择地图](/new-concept/)

*译文依据整理稿，由本站按中文表达重新校订；解析据吴应时整理资料及首轮审校稿；词伙与练习提示为本站学习设计。原PDF第124—126页，2022年3月第1版。*