--- url: https://gaojian.site/ielts-writing/83-essay-19.md description: Task 2写作训练：环境破坏：三项任务分别回应。看懂题目，读熟表达，回忆后换题使用。 --- # 正文 76｜环境破坏：三项任务分别回应 ## 本节题目 > Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do? ## 读熟范文，理解选择 ### 参考回答 Humans have been responsible for a wide range of environmental issues, but we also possess the capability to mitigate the damage we have inflicted on the planet. This essay will explore the primary ways in which human activities are harming the environment and suggest practical measures that both governments and individuals can adopt to alleviate these problems. Two of the most significant environmental threats today are air pollution and waste. Emissions from industrial factories and the exhaust fumes from vehicles contribute to poor air quality and greenhouse gas emissions, the latter of which drive global warming, a phenomenon with the potential to wreak havoc on the planet’s ecosystems in the future. Additionally, as the global population continues to rise, waste production has surged, leading to an overwhelming amount of refuse that contaminates land, rivers, and oceans, further exacerbating environmental degradation. To address these pressing issues, governments can play a pivotal role. For instance, they could introduce stricter regulations to control factory emissions or mandate the use of renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power. Furthermore, governments could impose 'green taxes' on high-polluting industries, including the transportation and aviation sectors, to incentivize businesses and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint. In addition to governmental action, individuals also have a crucial part to play in protecting the environment. For example, people can choose to use public transport instead of private cars, thereby cutting down on their own contribution to air pollution. Moreover, individuals can make environmentally conscious choices by purchasing products with minimal packaging and by embracing recycling. By consistently reusing and recycling, individuals can help reduce the volume of waste sent to landfills and, in turn, mitigate its harmful effects on the environment. In conclusion, both governments and individuals must take shared responsibility in the fight against environmental degradation. While governments can enact and enforce policies that reduce pollution, individuals can contribute by adopting sustainable lifestyles. ### 中文理解 人类活动造成了许多环境问题，但我们也有能力减轻已经给地球带来的损害。下面将说明人类活动破坏环境的主要方式，并提出政府和个人都能采取的实际措施。 空气污染和废弃物，是当今最严重的两类环境威胁。工厂排放和汽车尾气会降低空气质量，并增加温室气体排放；后者推动全球变暖，未来可能严重破坏地球的生态系统。此外，随着全球人口持续增长，垃圾产量也大幅增加，大量废弃物污染土地、河流和海洋，进一步加剧了环境恶化。 要应对这些迫切的问题，政府可以发挥关键作用。例如，政府可以制定更严格的规定，控制工厂排放，或要求使用太阳能、风能和水电等可再生能源。政府还可以对交通、航空等高污染行业征收“绿色税”，促使企业和个人减少碳足迹。 除了政府采取行动，个人在环保方面也有重要作用。例如，人们可以选择公共交通，而不是私家车，减少自己造成的空气污染。人们也可以选择包装更少的产品，并积极回收利用，让消费方式更环保。坚持重复使用和回收，能减少送往垃圾填埋场的废弃物，进而减轻垃圾对环境的损害。 总之，面对环境恶化，政府和个人都应共同承担责任。政府可以制定并执行减少污染的政策，个人则可以通过更可持续的生活方式作出贡献。 ### 逻辑链 * 引言｜回应问题、政府与个人三层任务：人类造成损害 → 政府与个人都能减轻 → 不只写环保重要。 * 主体一｜说明两类损害：排放 → 空气质量与气候问题；废弃物 → 土地水域污染。 * 主体二｜政府措施对准污染来源：排放规则、能源安排与绿色税 → 促使高污染行为改变。 * 主体三｜个人措施接回日常来源：公共交通 → 少尾气；少包装、重复使用与回收 → 少垃圾。 * 结论｜政策与生活方式共同作用：政府负责规则执行 → 个人负责日常选择 → 共同减轻环境损害。 ### 本题词伙 * **greenhouse gas emissions**：温室气体排放；reduce greenhouse gas emissions，emissions 通常用复数谈排放。 * **renewable energy sources**：可再生能源；use renewable energy sources，举例限于适用能源。 * **carbon footprint**：碳足迹；reduce one’s carbon footprint，footprint 在此是影响概念。 * **minimal packaging**：尽量少的包装；products with minimal packaging，说明购买对象。 * **enact and enforce policies**：制定并执行政策；enact 与 enforce 分别是制定和落实，不能只学单词中文。 ### 替换与拓展 * **reduce household waste**：减少家庭垃圾 Reusing containers can reduce household waste. * **adopt sustainable habits**：养成可持续的生活习惯 Individuals can adopt sustainable habits gradually. * **introduce stricter regulations**：出台更严格的规定 Authorities could introduce stricter regulations on industrial emissions. ### 句型语法 * **用 to do 交代措施的目的**：征税是行动，促使企业减少影响是目的；两者需要对应。不要把 to do 一概解释成未来时，它在这里不是时态。 原句：Furthermore, governments could impose 'green taxes' on high-polluting industries, including the transportation and aviation sectors, to incentivize businesses and individuals to reduce their carbon footprint. 结构：… could + 动作 + to + 目的. 迁移：Schools could provide cycle parking to encourage students to travel by bicycle. 学校可以提供自行车停车位，鼓励学生骑车上学。 * **用 thereby + -ing 写行动带来的结果**：选择公共交通在前，减少个人排放贡献在后；thereby 是由此，不是随意的下一步。结果应确实来自前面的行动。 原句：For example, people can choose to use public transport instead of private cars, thereby cutting down on their own contribution to air pollution. 结构：… , thereby + -ing… 迁移：Digital forms can reduce paper use, thereby cutting administrative waste. 电子表格可以减少纸张使用，从而减少行政工作中的浪费。 * **用 while 并列不同主体的职责**：这里 while 主要作对照，说明政府与个人各做什么，并不是否定任何一方。一般现在时与 can 描述可采取的行动。 原句：While governments can enact and enforce policies that reduce pollution, individuals can contribute by adopting sustainable lifestyles. 结构：While A can…, B can… 迁移：While schools can provide guidance, families can support regular study habits. 学校可以提供指导，家庭则可以帮助孩子养成规律学习的习惯。 ## 选择与组织 · 为什么这样写 ### 把题目要求拆清楚 说明破坏方式、政府措施、个人行动，题目实际有三项要求。 ### 怎样组织段落 污染与废物→监管与激励→交通选择、包装与回收。 ### 为什么这样选择 政府段与个人段要分开，避免用everyone should act代替两个具体任务。 ## 语言与精度 · 本节重点 空气质量污染与温室气体相关但不完全相同；不能把所有污染都等同全球变暖。 ## 最后练一练 · 先组织，再写 读熟后，可以先遮住参考，回忆本节最有用的两三句。想动笔时再打开下方写作台，不需要首次学习就完成全文。 ### 定点练习 为“Governments should protect the environment.”写一个措施及其作用。 ::: details 写完后看一种参考处理 > Governments could set enforceable emissions limits to reduce pollution from industrial facilities. 检查它修正了什么意义或关系。可以使用不同措辞，但信息需要准确。 ::: ### 换题使用 **本站自编迁移题** 自编题：How does excessive packaging harm the environment? What can businesses do? What can consumers do? 写三项提纲并检查主体对应。 先试一段，再视需要写全文。将新内容写在写作台的“迁移”中；原稿留在“初稿”，修订另存到“修改”。图表题需要重新识别特征，书信与议论文需要重新回应任务。 ::: details 打开写作台 · 短练、全文与复盘 > Explain some of the ways in which humans are damaging the environment. What can governments do to address these problems? What can individual people do? 全文练习至少250词，约40分钟；本节短练可以先写一个主体段。 **留一个复盘**：我能回忆哪组表达？换了内容后，哪一句还不熟？下一次先检查这个问题。 :::