--- url: https://gaojian.site/ielts-writing/70-essay-10.md description: Task 2写作训练：人口老龄化：问题与措施逐一对应。看懂题目，读熟表达，回忆后换题使用。 --- # 正文 63｜人口老龄化：问题与措施逐一对应 ## 本节题目 > In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. ## 读熟范文，理解选择 ### 参考回答 In developed countries, life expectancy has been steadily increasing, and while this is a positive development, it brings with it several challenges. Although these challenges are significant, there are various strategies that societies can adopt to alleviate the impact of an ageing population. As life expectancy rises, the most immediate concern is the growing number of retirees. This demographic shift will result in a larger proportion of people relying on pensions and social welfare benefits. At the same time, the proportion of younger, working adults will shrink, meaning that governments will receive less revenue from taxes. Consequently, the tax burden on the working population will rise significantly. Furthermore, the demand for healthcare services will increase as the elderly population requires more medical attention. Additionally, younger adults may face the responsibility of caring for elderly relatives, which could lead to further economic and emotional pressures. There are several measures that governments can implement to address these challenges. First, one possible solution is to raise the retirement age, perhaps from 65 to 70. As people live healthier and longer lives, many are physically capable of working longer, which would help alleviate some of the economic pressures. Another potential solution is to encourage immigration, as bringing in younger workers can help maintain a balanced workforce and ensure that tax revenues remain stable. Lastly, governments must allocate more funding to healthcare, housing, and transportation to accommodate the increasing needs of older citizens. This may involve reallocating resources from other areas of the budget to ensure the elderly receive adequate support. In conclusion, while the increasing life expectancy in developed countries presents several challenges, these can be addressed through various strategies, including raising the retirement age, encouraging immigration, and prioritizing funding for the elderly population's needs. ### 中文理解 发达国家的平均预期寿命一直在上升，这虽然是积极的发展，但也带来了一些挑战。这些挑战确实不小，不过社会可以采取多种办法，减轻人口老龄化的影响。 随着预期寿命增加，最直接的问题是退休人口越来越多。这种人口结构变化，会使依靠养老金和社会福利的人口占比提高。同时，较年轻的劳动人口占比会缩小，意味着政府获得的税收收入减少。因此，在职人口承担的税收压力会明显增加。另外，老年人口需要更多医疗照护，医疗服务的需求也会随之增长。年轻人还可能需要照顾年迈的亲属，进一步承受经济和情绪上的压力。 政府可以采取几种措施来应对这些挑战。首先，一个可能的办法是提高退休年龄，例如从65岁提高到70岁。人们的健康状况改善、寿命延长，许多人在身体条件上能够工作更久，这有助于减轻部分经济压力。另一个可能的办法是鼓励移民，因为引入较年轻的劳动者，有助于保持劳动力结构平衡，稳定税收收入。最后，政府需要向医疗、住房和交通投入更多资金，满足老年居民日益增长的需要。这可能意味着调整预算中其他领域的资源分配，确保老年人得到足够支持。 总之，发达国家预期寿命延长虽然带来了挑战，但可以通过提高退休年龄、鼓励移民，以及优先保障老年人的相关服务资金等办法来应对。 ### 逻辑链 * 引言｜积极变化也带来挑战：寿命延长是进步 → 仍有社会压力 → 可以通过措施应对。 * 主体一｜解释财政与家庭压力：退休者增多、劳动人口比例变小 → 养老金与税收压力；照护需求 → 医疗与家庭负担。 * 主体二｜措施对应前文压力：延长工作年限与年轻劳动力 → 支持财政与劳动力；服务投入 → 回应老年人的照护需要。 * 结论｜重新配对问题与措施：不否定长寿本身 → 重申退休安排、劳动力与公共投入能缓解压力。 ### 本题词伙 * **life expectancy**：预期寿命；average life expectancy，不等于某个人已活到的年龄。 * **tax burden**：税收负担；the tax burden on the working population，说明承担者。 * **healthcare services**：医疗服务；demand for healthcare services，写需求。 * **raise the retirement age**：提高退休年龄；raise 是及物动词，后接被提高的年龄。 * **allocate more funding**：增加资金分配；allocate funding to healthcare，写资金去向。 ### 替换与拓展 * **support an ageing population**：支持老龄化人口 Public services need to support an ageing population. * **ease financial pressure**：缓解经济压力 Flexible employment may ease financial pressure on some households. * **meet growing demand**：满足不断增长的需求 Healthcare systems must adapt to meet growing demand. ### 句型语法 * **用现在完成进行时概括持续趋势**：has been increasing 强调从过去延续到现在的变化；后文 will 与 may 分别用于作者预测和可能后果。不要把所有段落机械统一为同一时态。 原句：In developed countries, life expectancy has been steadily increasing, and while this is a positive development, it brings with it several challenges. 结构：… has been + -ing, bringing… 迁移：Demand for online training has been growing, bringing new opportunities for adult learners. 线上培训需求一直在增长，给成年学习者带来了新的机会。 * **用 which 连接设想与效果**：which 指前文更长的工作年限这件事，would help 表达设想的帮助，而不是已经产生的成效。可用于政策措施的结果解释。 原句：As people live healthier and longer lives, many are physically capable of working longer, which would help alleviate some of the economic pressures. 结构：… , which would help + 动词… 迁移：Councils could improve evening bus services, which would help workers travel home safely. 地方政府可以改善晚间公交服务，帮助员工安全回家。 * **用 as 解释措施为何有效**：这里 as 是因为，bringing in younger workers 整体作从句主语。措施必须写清怎样对应劳动力与财政压力。 原句：Another potential solution is to encourage immigration, as bringing in younger workers can help maintain a balanced workforce and ensure that tax revenues remain stable. 结构：… could…, as + 原因从句. 迁移：Flexible hours could ease congestion, as fewer employees would travel at the same time. 弹性工作时间可以缓解拥堵，因为同时出行的员工会减少。 ## 选择与组织 · 为什么这样写 ### 把题目要求拆清楚 解释个人与社会的影响，再提出减轻影响的措施。 ### 怎样组织段落 财政医疗与照护压力→延长工作、补充劳动力和照护支持。 ### 为什么这样选择 措施应说明如何缓解前面的问题；给医疗加预算本身不解释资金从哪里来。 ## 语言与精度 · 本节重点 increasing life expectancy不等于所有老年人都能延后退休；用条件限制政策。 ## 最后练一练 · 先组织，再写 读熟后，可以先遮住参考，回忆本节最有用的两三句。想动笔时再打开下方写作台，不需要首次学习就完成全文。 ### 定点练习 为“Raise the retirement age.”补一个机制和适用条件。 ::: details 写完后看一种参考处理 > A higher retirement age could ease pension pressures where older workers are healthy enough to remain employed. 检查它修正了什么意义或关系。可以使用不同措辞，但信息需要准确。 ::: ### 换题使用 **本站自编迁移题** 自编题：Many rural areas have ageing populations. What problems does this cause, and what measures could help? 写一组问题—措施—作用机制。 先试一段，再视需要写全文。将新内容写在写作台的“迁移”中；原稿留在“初稿”，修订另存到“修改”。图表题需要重新识别特征，书信与议论文需要重新回应任务。 ::: details 打开写作台 · 短练、全文与复盘 > In the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing. What problems will this cause for individuals and society? Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations. 全文练习至少250词，约40分钟；本节短练可以先写一个主体段。 **留一个复盘**：我能回忆哪组表达？换了内容后，哪一句还不熟？下一次先检查这个问题。 :::